planner: add the basic functions of the functional dependency

[winoros]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: ref #29766

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

Introduce the basic functions of how to maintain the functional dependency.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• AilinKid
• qw4990

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[sre-bot]

Code Coverage Details: https://codecov.io/github/pingcap/tidb/commit/61948e74cbc412a8fbbcf587b37ee3e585d5cb3b

[AilinKid]

LGTM

[winoros]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: 61948e7