core: fix missing update on nested generated column (#55829)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #55829

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #53967

Problem Summary:
IF:
Virtual generated column B depends on A
Virtual generated column C depends on B
Index idx on C.
Update A should update index idx too.

but the dependence C on B is not built correctly.

What changed and how does it work?

Build dependence correctly.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Please upload report for BASE (release-7.5@e71b6c3). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-7.5     #55853   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   72.2611%           
================================================
  Files                  ?       1413           
  Lines                  ?     413637           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?     298899           
  Misses                 ?      94896           
  Partials               ?      19842           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	72.2611% <100.0000%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9400% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	53.5345% <0.0000%> (?)

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: AilinKid, tangenta

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• OWNERS [AilinKid,tangenta]

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-09-20 08:13:52.787209167 +0000 UTC m=+1208102.527633104: ☑️ agreed by tangenta.
• 2024-09-20 08:14:24.570283208 +0000 UTC m=+1208134.310707172: ☑️ agreed by AilinKid.