Adding the section "Ken Suzuki and the Nameraka (Smooth) society"

contents/english/3-2-connected-society.md

@@ -157,6 +157,27 @@ Wiener's scientific work focused almost exclusively on physical, biological and
 
 Yet while he shared the convictions, he believed these hopes to be mostly "false".  While he judged such a program as "necessary", he was unable to "believe it possible".  He argued that quantum physics had shown the impossibility of precision at the level of particles and therefore that the success of science arose from the fact that we live far above the level of particles, but that our very existence within societies meant that the same principles made social science essentially inherently infeasible.  Thus as much as he hoped to offer scientific foundations on which the work of George, Simmel and Dewey could rest, he was skeptical of "exaggerated expectations of their possibilities."
 
+### Ken Suzuki and the Nameraka (Smooth) society
+
+As Wiener foresaw, cybernetics did not create a major current in social science. However, building on the basis of cybernetics, fields like internet technology, artificial intelligence, artificial life, and complex systems flourished in natural science and engineering. Ken Suzuk inherited the ideas of cybernetics and incorporating developments from these fields, and produced a comprehensive vision for future social design as  "Nameraka (Smooth) Society" (なめらか社会) .
+As the internet penetrated society and technology underwent accelerating evolution from the 1990s, questions arose about how these technologies could positively affect social systems. Suzuki, both a researcher in artificial life and complex systems and an entrepreneur, presented his vision of the "Nameraka Society" in the 2000s as a social vision that might be realized 300 years in the future. He later summarized his ideas in in his influential Japanese book "The Nameraka Society and Its Enemies" (なめらかな社会とその敵).[^NamerakaSociety]
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+"Nameraka Society" represents a social vision for achieving a society without binary oppositions or boundaries through social technologies allowing us to live with full complexity. He argues that humans have cognitive limitations that lead us to try to simplify complex worlds. For Suzuki, this is our scale-free limitation arising from our evolutionary history as multicellular organisms.
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+Suzuki understands the world as a complex web-like network. Within this world, systems emerge that, like cell membranes, create boundaries between inside (body) and outside (environment), leading to self-control systems for the body to recognize its environment. This membrane-like existence is scale-free and, through our evolutionary history, has been repeatedly applied to society, leading to institutions like modern nations that strictly require membership of their citizenships. Meanwhile, "nucleus"-like entities also emerge as scale-free mechanisms that control the cell itself through parameters with few degrees of freedom, such as DNA. The “nucleus” functions as the ego that distinguishes between self and others functions at the individual level, and state power at the societal level,.
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+He argued that because these characteristics of network, membrane, and nucleus repeat throughout our evolutionary history, our society is also formed as membranes (separation of inside and outside) and nuclei(power and authority), preventing the resolution of binary oppositions. His proposed Nameraka Society envisions creating systems that transcend human cognitive limitations as "nuclei" through technology, and generates a more web-like society where people can live with full complexity. In this vision, individuals no longer exist as such, but rather as "dividuals" (分人) - multi-agent systems constructed through the collaboration of multiple cells, including neural networks in the brain.[^dividual] Drawing on Carl Schmitt's concept of friend and foe, Suzuki also pointed out that Nameraka society must overcome boundaries between friend and foe by smooth technological management of violence [^Schmitt]. As a result, people can belong to multiple communities simultaneously without society expecting them to maintain a single identity.
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+Furthermore, around 2005, Suzuki proposed the concept of "Constructive Social Contract Theory." This aimed to create a society under the law which could be automatically executed using human-and-machine-readable legal languages. He sought to make the social contract itself emergent. This vision preceded the 2014 invention of Ethereum, which built a foundation for social contracts based on automatically executing smart contracts with blockchain. Suzuki believes that for Dewey's emergent publics to flourish, the source of power itself must be emergent. Based on these ideas, he has also proposed experimental ideas and social systems such as "dividual democracy a.k.a. divicracy" (分人民主主義)[^divicracy], which allows for division and delegation of votes, and PICSY（Propagational Investment Currency SYstem）[^PICSY], a monetary system where contributions and value propagate. The Nameraka Society’s vision and initiatives continue to influence many Japanese social scientists and engineers including Takahiro Anno, who ran for the 2024 Tokyo gubernatorial election demonstrating digital democracy. [^Anno]
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+Thus, Suzuki's Nameraka Society represents a ⿻ world-making vision that introduces the pluralistic concept of dividuals that transcends the modern individual, allowing for a complex society that overcomes "membranes" and "nuclei" through social technology. Suzuki stands as a pioneer of ⿻ social technology, showing how the theoretical insights of earlier thinkers might be realized through modern digital systems.
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+[^NamerakaSociety]: Ken Suzuki, The Nameraka Society and Its Enemies (なめらかな社会とその敵), (Tokyo: Keiso Shobo publishing, 2013).
+[^Schmitt]: Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political, expanded edition, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007).
+[^divicracy]: Dividual democracy allows delegation of one's vote to others and splitting one's vote to multiple political issues. We will return to dividual democracy in the 5-6 voting - ⿻ Voting tomorrow footnote.
+[^PICSY]: PICSY (Propagational Investment Currency SYstem) is a kind of currency system. We will return to PICSY in the 5-7 social markets - Frontiers of social markets footnote.
+[^Anno]: We will return to his detailed campaign during the 2024 Tokyo gubernatorial election in the 5-4 augmented-deliberation section.
+
 Across all of these authors, we see many common threads. We see appreciation of the ⿻ and layered nature of society, which often shows even greater complexity than other phenomena in the natural sciences: while an electron typically orbits a single atom or molecule, a cell is part of one organism, and a planet orbits one star, in human society each person, and even each organization, is part of multiple intersecting larger entities, often with no single of them being fully inside any other. But how might these advancements in the social sciences translate into similarly more advanced social technologies? This is what we will explore in the next chapter.
 
 [^Soziologie]: Georg Simmel, _Soziologie: Untersuchungen Über Die Formen Der Vergesellschaftung_, Prague: e-artnow, 2017.