Raise warnings when assign bool to int/enum field in Python Proto. This will turn into error in 34.0 release.

python/convert.c

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 // https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd
 
 #include "python/convert.h"
-
 #include "python/message.h"
 #include "python/protobuf.h"
 #include "upb/message/compare.h"
@@ -62,7 +61,22 @@ PyObject* PyUpb_UpbToPy(upb_MessageValue val, const upb_FieldDef* f,
   }
 }
 
-static bool PyUpb_GetInt64(PyObject* obj, int64_t* val) {
+// TODO: raise error in 2026 Q1 release
+static void WarnBool(const upb_FieldDef* f) {
+  static int bool_warning_count = 100;
+  if (bool_warning_count > 0) {
+    --bool_warning_count;
+    PyErr_WarnFormat(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, 3,
+                     "Field %s: Expected an int, got a boolean. This "
+                     "will be rejected in 7.34.0, please fix it before that",
+                     upb_FieldDef_FullName(f));
+  }
+}
+
+static bool PyUpb_GetInt64(PyObject* obj, const upb_FieldDef* f, int64_t* val) {
+  if (PyBool_Check(obj)) {
+    WarnBool(f);
+  }
   // We require that the value is either an integer or has an __index__
   // conversion.
   obj = PyNumber_Index(obj);
@@ -81,7 +95,11 @@ static bool PyUpb_GetInt64(PyObject* obj, int64_t* val) {
   return ok;
 }
 
-static bool PyUpb_GetUint64(PyObject* obj, uint64_t* val) {
+static bool PyUpb_GetUint64(PyObject* obj, const upb_FieldDef* f,
+                            uint64_t* val) {
+  if (PyBool_Check(obj)) {
+    WarnBool(f);
+  }
   // We require that the value is either an integer or has an __index__
   // conversion.
   obj = PyNumber_Index(obj);
@@ -98,9 +116,9 @@ static bool PyUpb_GetUint64(PyObject* obj, uint64_t* val) {
   return ok;
 }
 
-static bool PyUpb_GetInt32(PyObject* obj, int32_t* val) {
+static bool PyUpb_GetInt32(PyObject* obj, const upb_FieldDef* f, int32_t* val) {
   int64_t i64;
-  if (!PyUpb_GetInt64(obj, &i64)) return false;
+  if (!PyUpb_GetInt64(obj, f, &i64)) return false;
   if (i64 < INT32_MIN || i64 > INT32_MAX) {
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Value out of range: %S", obj);
     return false;
@@ -109,9 +127,10 @@ static bool PyUpb_GetInt32(PyObject* obj, int32_t* val) {
   return true;
 }
 
-static bool PyUpb_GetUint32(PyObject* obj, uint32_t* val) {
+static bool PyUpb_GetUint32(PyObject* obj, const upb_FieldDef* f,
+                            uint32_t* val) {
   uint64_t u64;
-  if (!PyUpb_GetUint64(obj, &u64)) return false;
+  if (!PyUpb_GetUint64(obj, f, &u64)) return false;
   if (u64 > UINT32_MAX) {
     PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "Value out of range: %S", obj);
     return false;
@@ -164,8 +183,9 @@ const char* upb_FieldDef_TypeString(const upb_FieldDef* f) {
   UPB_UNREACHABLE();
 }
 
-static bool PyUpb_PyToUpbEnum(PyObject* obj, const upb_EnumDef* e,
+static bool PyUpb_PyToUpbEnum(PyObject* obj, const upb_FieldDef* f,
                               upb_MessageValue* val) {
+  const upb_EnumDef* e = upb_FieldDef_EnumSubDef(f);
   if (PyUnicode_Check(obj)) {
     Py_ssize_t size;
     const char* name = PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize(obj, &size);
@@ -178,8 +198,11 @@ static bool PyUpb_PyToUpbEnum(PyObject* obj, const upb_EnumDef* e,
     val->int32_val = upb_EnumValueDef_Number(ev);
     return true;
   } else {
+    if (PyBool_Check(obj)) {
+      WarnBool(f);
+    }
     int32_t i32;
-    if (!PyUpb_GetInt32(obj, &i32)) return false;
+    if (!PyUpb_GetInt32(obj, f, &i32)) return false;
     if (upb_EnumDef_IsClosed(e) && !upb_EnumDef_CheckNumber(e, i32)) {
       PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid enumerator %d", (int)i32);
       return false;
@@ -238,15 +261,15 @@ bool PyUpb_PyToUpb(PyObject* obj, const upb_FieldDef* f, upb_MessageValue* val,
                    upb_Arena* arena) {
   switch (upb_FieldDef_CType(f)) {
     case kUpb_CType_Enum:
-      return PyUpb_PyToUpbEnum(obj, upb_FieldDef_EnumSubDef(f), val);
+      return PyUpb_PyToUpbEnum(obj, f, val);
     case kUpb_CType_Int32:
-      return PyUpb_GetInt32(obj, &val->int32_val);
+      return PyUpb_GetInt32(obj, f, &val->int32_val);
     case kUpb_CType_Int64:
-      return PyUpb_GetInt64(obj, &val->int64_val);
+      return PyUpb_GetInt64(obj, f, &val->int64_val);
     case kUpb_CType_UInt32:
-      return PyUpb_GetUint32(obj, &val->uint32_val);
+      return PyUpb_GetUint32(obj, f, &val->uint32_val);
     case kUpb_CType_UInt64:
-      return PyUpb_GetUint64(obj, &val->uint64_val);
+      return PyUpb_GetUint64(obj, f, &val->uint64_val);
     case kUpb_CType_Float:
       if (!PyFloat_Check(obj) && PyUpb_IsNumpyNdarray(obj, f)) return false;
       val->float_val = PyFloat_AsDouble(obj);

python/google/protobuf/internal/message_test.py

@@ -1431,6 +1431,115 @@ def testMessageClassName(self, message_module):
         'TestAllTypes.NestedMessage', nested.__class__.__qualname__
     )
 
+  def testAssignBoolToEnum(self, message_module):
+    # TODO: change warning into error in 2026 Q1
+    # with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_nested_enum=True)
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_nested_enum, 1)
+
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_nested_enum=2)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.optional_nested_enum = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_nested_enum, 1)
+
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.optional_nested_enum = 2
+      self.assertFalse(w)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_nested_enum, 2)
+
+  def testBoolToRepeatedEnum(self, message_module):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m = message_module.TestAllTypes(repeated_nested_enum=[True])
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_nested_enum, [1])
+
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.repeated_nested_enum.append(True)
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_nested_enum, [1])
+
+  def testBoolToOneofEnum(self, message_module):
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestOneof2()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.foo_enum = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_enum, 1)
+
+  def testBoolToMapEnum(self, message_module):
+    m = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.map_int32_enum[10] = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.map_int32_enum[10], 1)
+
+  def testBoolToExtensionEnum(self, message_module):
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension] = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(
+        m.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_nested_enum_extension], 1
+    )
+
+  def testAssignBoolToInt(self, message_module):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_int32=True)
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_int32, 1)
+
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes(optional_uint32=123)
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.optional_uint32 = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_uint32, 1)
+
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.optional_uint32 = 321
+      self.assertFalse(w)
+    self.assertEqual(m.optional_uint32, 321)
+
+  def testAssignBoolToRepeatedInt(self, message_module):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m = message_module.TestAllTypes(repeated_int64=[True])
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_int64, [1])
+
+    m = message_module.TestAllTypes()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.repeated_int64.append(True)
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.repeated_int64, [1])
+
+  def testAssignBoolToOneofInt(self, message_module):
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestOneof2()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.foo_int = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.foo_int, 1)
+
+  def testAssignBoolToMapInt(self, message_module):
+    m = map_unittest_pb2.TestMap()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.map_int32_int32[10] = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.map_int32_int32[10], 1)
+
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.map_int32_int32[True] = 1
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.map_int32_int32[1], 1)
+
+  def testAssignBoolToExtensionInt(self, message_module):
+    m = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+      m.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] = True
+      self.assertIn('bool', str(w[0].message))
+    self.assertEqual(m.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension], 1)
+
 
 @testing_refleaks.TestCase
 class TestRecursiveGroup(unittest.TestCase):

python/google/protobuf/internal/type_checkers.py

@@ -22,16 +22,20 @@
 
 __author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'
 
-import struct
 import numbers
+import struct
+import warnings
 
+from google.protobuf import descriptor
 from google.protobuf.internal import decoder
 from google.protobuf.internal import encoder
 from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
-from google.protobuf import descriptor
 
 _FieldDescriptor = descriptor.FieldDescriptor
-
+# TODO: Remove this warning count after 34.0
+# Assign bool to int/enum warnings will print 100 times at most which should
+# be enough for users to notice and do not cause timeout.
+_BoolWarningCount = 100
 
 def TruncateToFourByteFloat(original):
   return struct.unpack('<f', struct.pack('<f', original))[0]
@@ -141,6 +145,20 @@ class IntValueChecker(object):
   """Checker used for integer fields.  Performs type-check and range check."""
 
   def CheckValue(self, proposed_value):
+    if type(proposed_value) == bool and _BoolWarningCount > 0:
+      --_BoolWarningCount
+      message = (
+          '%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: %s. This warning '
+          'will turn into error in 7.34.0, please fix it before that.'
+          % (
+              proposed_value,
+              type(proposed_value),
+              (int,),
+          )
+      )
+      # TODO: Raise errors in 2026 Q1 release
+      warnings.warn(message)
+
     if not hasattr(proposed_value, '__index__') or (
         type(proposed_value).__module__ == 'numpy' and
         type(proposed_value).__name__ == 'ndarray'):
@@ -167,6 +185,19 @@ def __init__(self, enum_type):
     self._enum_type = enum_type
 
   def CheckValue(self, proposed_value):
+    if type(proposed_value) == bool and _BoolWarningCount > 0:
+      --_BoolWarningCount
+      message = (
+          '%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: %s. This warning '
+          'will turn into error in 7.34.0, please fix it before that.'
+          % (
+              proposed_value,
+              type(proposed_value),
+              (int,),
+          )
+      )
+      # TODO: Raise errors in 2026 Q1 release
+      warnings.warn(message)
     if not isinstance(proposed_value, numbers.Integral):
       message = ('%.1024r has type %s, but expected one of: %s' %
                  (proposed_value, type(proposed_value), (int,)))

python/google/protobuf/pyext/map_container.cc

@@ -108,21 +108,25 @@ static bool PythonToMapKey(MapContainer* self, PyObject* obj, MapKey* key,
   switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_INT32(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       key->SetInt32Value(value);
       break;
     }
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_INT64(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       key->SetInt64Value(value);
       break;
     }
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_UINT32(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       key->SetUInt32Value(value);
       break;
     }
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_UINT64(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       key->SetUInt64Value(value);
       break;
     }
@@ -210,21 +214,25 @@ static bool PythonToMapValueRef(MapContainer* self, PyObject* obj,
   switch (field_descriptor->cpp_type()) {
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_INT32(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       value_ref->SetInt32Value(value);
       return true;
     }
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_INT64(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       value_ref->SetInt64Value(value);
       return true;
     }
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_UINT32(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       value_ref->SetUInt32Value(value);
       return true;
     }
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_UINT64(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       value_ref->SetUInt64Value(value);
       return true;
     }
@@ -253,6 +261,7 @@ static bool PythonToMapValueRef(MapContainer* self, PyObject* obj,
     }
     case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM: {
       PROTOBUF_CHECK_GET_INT32(obj, value, false);
+      CheckIntegerWithBool(obj, field_descriptor);
       if (allow_unknown_enum_values) {
         value_ref->SetEnumValue(value);
         return true;