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Add bad-dunder-name extension checker (#7642)
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With a 'good-dunder-name' option 

Co-authored-by: Pierre Sassoulas <pierre.sassoulas@gmail.com>
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clavedeluna and Pierre-Sassoulas authored Oct 31, 2022
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6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions doc/data/messages/b/bad-dunder-name/bad.py
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class Apples:
def _init_(self): # [bad-dunder-name]
pass

def __hello__(self): # [bad-dunder-name]
print("hello")
6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions doc/data/messages/b/bad-dunder-name/good.py
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class Apples:
def __init__(self):
pass

def hello(self):
print("hello")
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions doc/data/messages/b/bad-dunder-name/pylintrc
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[MAIN]
load-plugins=pylint.extensions.dunder
4 changes: 4 additions & 0 deletions doc/whatsnew/fragments/3038.new_check
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Added ``bad-dunder-name`` extension check, which flags bad or misspelled dunder methods.
You can use the ``good-dunder-names`` option to allow specific dunder names.

Closes #3038
109 changes: 3 additions & 106 deletions pylint/checkers/dunder_methods.py
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Expand Up @@ -10,122 +10,19 @@

from pylint.checkers import BaseChecker
from pylint.checkers.utils import safe_infer
from pylint.constants import DUNDER_METHODS
from pylint.interfaces import HIGH

if TYPE_CHECKING:
from pylint.lint import PyLinter


DUNDER_METHODS: dict[tuple[int, int], dict[str, str]] = {
(0, 0): {
"__init__": "Instantiate class directly",
"__del__": "Use del keyword",
"__repr__": "Use repr built-in function",
"__str__": "Use str built-in function",
"__bytes__": "Use bytes built-in function",
"__format__": "Use format built-in function, format string method, or f-string",
"__lt__": "Use < operator",
"__le__": "Use <= operator",
"__eq__": "Use == operator",
"__ne__": "Use != operator",
"__gt__": "Use > operator",
"__ge__": "Use >= operator",
"__hash__": "Use hash built-in function",
"__bool__": "Use bool built-in function",
"__getattr__": "Access attribute directly or use getattr built-in function",
"__getattribute__": "Access attribute directly or use getattr built-in function",
"__setattr__": "Set attribute directly or use setattr built-in function",
"__delattr__": "Use del keyword",
"__dir__": "Use dir built-in function",
"__get__": "Use get method",
"__set__": "Use set method",
"__delete__": "Use del keyword",
"__instancecheck__": "Use isinstance built-in function",
"__subclasscheck__": "Use issubclass built-in function",
"__call__": "Invoke instance directly",
"__len__": "Use len built-in function",
"__length_hint__": "Use length_hint method",
"__getitem__": "Access item via subscript",
"__setitem__": "Set item via subscript",
"__delitem__": "Use del keyword",
"__iter__": "Use iter built-in function",
"__next__": "Use next built-in function",
"__reversed__": "Use reversed built-in function",
"__contains__": "Use in keyword",
"__add__": "Use + operator",
"__sub__": "Use - operator",
"__mul__": "Use * operator",
"__matmul__": "Use @ operator",
"__truediv__": "Use / operator",
"__floordiv__": "Use // operator",
"__mod__": "Use % operator",
"__divmod__": "Use divmod built-in function",
"__pow__": "Use ** operator or pow built-in function",
"__lshift__": "Use << operator",
"__rshift__": "Use >> operator",
"__and__": "Use & operator",
"__xor__": "Use ^ operator",
"__or__": "Use | operator",
"__radd__": "Use + operator",
"__rsub__": "Use - operator",
"__rmul__": "Use * operator",
"__rmatmul__": "Use @ operator",
"__rtruediv__": "Use / operator",
"__rfloordiv__": "Use // operator",
"__rmod__": "Use % operator",
"__rdivmod__": "Use divmod built-in function",
"__rpow__": "Use ** operator or pow built-in function",
"__rlshift__": "Use << operator",
"__rrshift__": "Use >> operator",
"__rand__": "Use & operator",
"__rxor__": "Use ^ operator",
"__ror__": "Use | operator",
"__iadd__": "Use += operator",
"__isub__": "Use -= operator",
"__imul__": "Use *= operator",
"__imatmul__": "Use @= operator",
"__itruediv__": "Use /= operator",
"__ifloordiv__": "Use //= operator",
"__imod__": "Use %= operator",
"__ipow__": "Use **= operator",
"__ilshift__": "Use <<= operator",
"__irshift__": "Use >>= operator",
"__iand__": "Use &= operator",
"__ixor__": "Use ^= operator",
"__ior__": "Use |= operator",
"__neg__": "Multiply by -1 instead",
"__pos__": "Multiply by +1 instead",
"__abs__": "Use abs built-in function",
"__invert__": "Use ~ operator",
"__complex__": "Use complex built-in function",
"__int__": "Use int built-in function",
"__float__": "Use float built-in function",
"__round__": "Use round built-in function",
"__trunc__": "Use math.trunc function",
"__floor__": "Use math.floor function",
"__ceil__": "Use math.ceil function",
"__enter__": "Invoke context manager directly",
"__aenter__": "Invoke context manager directly",
"__copy__": "Use copy.copy function",
"__deepcopy__": "Use copy.deepcopy function",
"__fspath__": "Use os.fspath function instead",
},
(3, 10): {
"__aiter__": "Use aiter built-in function",
"__anext__": "Use anext built-in function",
},
}


class DunderCallChecker(BaseChecker):
"""Check for unnecessary dunder method calls.
Docs: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#basic-customization
We exclude __new__, __subclasses__, __init_subclass__, __set_name__,
__class_getitem__, __missing__, __exit__, __await__,
__aexit__, __getnewargs_ex__, __getnewargs__, __getstate__,
__setstate__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__,
and __index__ (see https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/issues/6795)
We exclude names in list pylint.constants.EXTRA_DUNDER_METHODS such as
__index__ (see https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/issues/6795)
since these either have no alternative method of being called or
have a genuine use case for being called manually.
Expand Down
130 changes: 130 additions & 0 deletions pylint/constants.py
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Expand Up @@ -168,3 +168,133 @@ def _get_pylint_home() -> str:
"typing_extensions.Never",
)
)

DUNDER_METHODS: dict[tuple[int, int], dict[str, str]] = {
(0, 0): {
"__init__": "Instantiate class directly",
"__del__": "Use del keyword",
"__repr__": "Use repr built-in function",
"__str__": "Use str built-in function",
"__bytes__": "Use bytes built-in function",
"__format__": "Use format built-in function, format string method, or f-string",
"__lt__": "Use < operator",
"__le__": "Use <= operator",
"__eq__": "Use == operator",
"__ne__": "Use != operator",
"__gt__": "Use > operator",
"__ge__": "Use >= operator",
"__hash__": "Use hash built-in function",
"__bool__": "Use bool built-in function",
"__getattr__": "Access attribute directly or use getattr built-in function",
"__getattribute__": "Access attribute directly or use getattr built-in function",
"__setattr__": "Set attribute directly or use setattr built-in function",
"__delattr__": "Use del keyword",
"__dir__": "Use dir built-in function",
"__get__": "Use get method",
"__set__": "Use set method",
"__delete__": "Use del keyword",
"__instancecheck__": "Use isinstance built-in function",
"__subclasscheck__": "Use issubclass built-in function",
"__call__": "Invoke instance directly",
"__len__": "Use len built-in function",
"__length_hint__": "Use length_hint method",
"__getitem__": "Access item via subscript",
"__setitem__": "Set item via subscript",
"__delitem__": "Use del keyword",
"__iter__": "Use iter built-in function",
"__next__": "Use next built-in function",
"__reversed__": "Use reversed built-in function",
"__contains__": "Use in keyword",
"__add__": "Use + operator",
"__sub__": "Use - operator",
"__mul__": "Use * operator",
"__matmul__": "Use @ operator",
"__truediv__": "Use / operator",
"__floordiv__": "Use // operator",
"__mod__": "Use % operator",
"__divmod__": "Use divmod built-in function",
"__pow__": "Use ** operator or pow built-in function",
"__lshift__": "Use << operator",
"__rshift__": "Use >> operator",
"__and__": "Use & operator",
"__xor__": "Use ^ operator",
"__or__": "Use | operator",
"__radd__": "Use + operator",
"__rsub__": "Use - operator",
"__rmul__": "Use * operator",
"__rmatmul__": "Use @ operator",
"__rtruediv__": "Use / operator",
"__rfloordiv__": "Use // operator",
"__rmod__": "Use % operator",
"__rdivmod__": "Use divmod built-in function",
"__rpow__": "Use ** operator or pow built-in function",
"__rlshift__": "Use << operator",
"__rrshift__": "Use >> operator",
"__rand__": "Use & operator",
"__rxor__": "Use ^ operator",
"__ror__": "Use | operator",
"__iadd__": "Use += operator",
"__isub__": "Use -= operator",
"__imul__": "Use *= operator",
"__imatmul__": "Use @= operator",
"__itruediv__": "Use /= operator",
"__ifloordiv__": "Use //= operator",
"__imod__": "Use %= operator",
"__ipow__": "Use **= operator",
"__ilshift__": "Use <<= operator",
"__irshift__": "Use >>= operator",
"__iand__": "Use &= operator",
"__ixor__": "Use ^= operator",
"__ior__": "Use |= operator",
"__neg__": "Multiply by -1 instead",
"__pos__": "Multiply by +1 instead",
"__abs__": "Use abs built-in function",
"__invert__": "Use ~ operator",
"__complex__": "Use complex built-in function",
"__int__": "Use int built-in function",
"__float__": "Use float built-in function",
"__round__": "Use round built-in function",
"__trunc__": "Use math.trunc function",
"__floor__": "Use math.floor function",
"__ceil__": "Use math.ceil function",
"__enter__": "Invoke context manager directly",
"__aenter__": "Invoke context manager directly",
"__copy__": "Use copy.copy function",
"__deepcopy__": "Use copy.deepcopy function",
"__fspath__": "Use os.fspath function instead",
},
(3, 10): {
"__aiter__": "Use aiter built-in function",
"__anext__": "Use anext built-in function",
},
}

EXTRA_DUNDER_METHODS = [
"__new__",
"__subclasses__",
"__init_subclass__",
"__set_name__",
"__class_getitem__",
"__missing__",
"__exit__",
"__await__",
"__aexit__",
"__getnewargs_ex__",
"__getnewargs__",
"__getstate__",
"__setstate__",
"__reduce__",
"__reduce_ex__",
"__post_init__", # part of `dataclasses` module
]

DUNDER_PROPERTIES = [
"__class__",
"__dict__",
"__doc__",
"__format__",
"__module__",
"__sizeof__",
"__subclasshook__",
"__weakref__",
]
77 changes: 77 additions & 0 deletions pylint/extensions/dunder.py
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# Licensed under the GPL: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
# For details: https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/blob/main/LICENSE
# Copyright (c) https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/blob/main/CONTRIBUTORS.txt

from __future__ import annotations

from typing import TYPE_CHECKING

from astroid import nodes

from pylint.checkers import BaseChecker
from pylint.constants import DUNDER_METHODS, DUNDER_PROPERTIES, EXTRA_DUNDER_METHODS
from pylint.interfaces import HIGH

if TYPE_CHECKING:
from pylint.lint import PyLinter


class DunderChecker(BaseChecker):
"""Checks related to dunder methods."""

name = "dunder"
priority = -1
msgs = {
"W3201": (
"Bad or misspelled dunder method name %s.",
"bad-dunder-name",
"Used when a dunder method is misspelled or defined with a name "
"not within the predefined list of dunder names.",
),
}
options = (
(
"good-dunder-names",
{
"default": [],
"type": "csv",
"metavar": "<comma-separated names>",
"help": "Good dunder names which should always be accepted.",
},
),
)

def open(self) -> None:
self._dunder_methods = (
EXTRA_DUNDER_METHODS
+ DUNDER_PROPERTIES
+ self.linter.config.good_dunder_names
)
for since_vers, dunder_methods in DUNDER_METHODS.items():
if since_vers <= self.linter.config.py_version:
self._dunder_methods.extend(list(dunder_methods.keys()))

def visit_functiondef(self, node: nodes.FunctionDef) -> None:
"""Check if known dunder method is misspelled or dunder name is not one
of the pre-defined names.
"""
# ignore module-level functions
if not node.is_method():
return

# Detect something that could be a bad dunder method
if (
node.name.startswith("_")
and node.name.endswith("_")
and node.name not in self._dunder_methods
):
self.add_message(
"bad-dunder-name",
node=node,
args=(node.name),
confidence=HIGH,
)


def register(linter: PyLinter) -> None:
linter.register_checker(DunderChecker(linter))
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