[Backport maintenance/3.3.x] Fix crash in catching-non-exception when something besides a class in except

[github-actions]

Backport 007a745 from #10232.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 95.84%. Comparing base (54f9825) to head (88a8550).
Report is 25 commits behind head on maintenance/3.3.x.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                Coverage Diff                 @@
##           maintenance/3.3.x   #10234   +/-   ##
==================================================
  Coverage              95.84%   95.84%           
==================================================
  Files                    174      174           
  Lines                  18980    18980           
==================================================
  Hits                   18191    18191           
  Misses                   789      789           

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
pylint/checkers/exceptions.py	98.29% <ø> (ø)

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