lazier lazy_wheel

- handle short files `416`; prefetch entire dist-info
- lazy_wheel: translate BadZipfile to InvalidWheel
- handle 501 on negative bytes range from pypi
- catch UnsupportedWheel
- make lazy wheel work against tensorflow-gpu
- link to pypi discussion on negative byte ranges
- check for case when server doesn't support byte ranges at all
- remove _check_zip() method since we do that in prefetch_dist_info() now
- clean up error handling code and don't warn when negative ranges fail
- remove TODO, as Cache-Control: no-cache is the correct behavior
- rearrange explanatory comments
- specify how we handle 200 OK and interpret 405 as no range requests
- rename LazyZipOverHTTP to LazyWheelOverHTTP because of the assumption of the structure of *.dist-info/
- stream the initial chunk request too, since it's 1MB
- add note about fast-deps being on by default
- add testing for request limiting
- fix download metadata testing
- factor out the laziness from the wheel-specific logic
- factor out LazyRemoteResource from FixedSizeLazyResource
- add metadata_first=True arg to make_wheel
- reduce initial chunk size to 10K
- remove hardcoded compilewheel and instead generate wheels
- catch new requests decoding error
- support NegativeRangeOverflowing
- support SneakilyCoerceNegativeRange
- time out test server thread joining within 3 seconds

Co-authored-by: Tzu-ping Chung <uranusjr@gmail.com>

- make FakePackageSource to abstract over generated and hardcoded whls
- ensure InvalidWheel retains context from inner errors

Co-authored-by: Randy Döring <30527984+radoering@users.noreply.github.com>

- add link to perf evaluation from radoering

news/12208.feature.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Implement lazier lazy_wheel that avoids the HEAD request, fetching the metadata
+for many wheels in 1 request.

src/pip/_internal/exceptions.py

@@ -323,12 +323,14 @@ class UnsupportedWheel(InstallationError):
 class InvalidWheel(InstallationError):
  """Invalid (e.g. corrupt) wheel."""
 
- def __init__(self, location: str, name: str):
+ def __init__(self, location: str, name: str, context: Optional[str] = None):
  self.location = location
  self.name = name
+ self.context = context
 
  def __str__(self) -> str:
- return f"Wheel '{self.name}' located at {self.location} is invalid."
+ suffix = f" ({self.context})" if self.context else "."
+ return f"Wheel '{self.name}' located at {self.location} is invalid{suffix}"
 
 
 class MetadataInconsistent(InstallationError):