Validate hydro capacities

[davide-f]

Closes #39 and #108

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

Validate and improve hydro representation

Checklist

• I tested my contribution locally and it seems to work fine.
• Code and workflow changes are sufficiently documented.
• Newly introduced dependencies are added to envs/environment.yaml and envs/environment.docs.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are added in all of config.default.yaml, config.tutorial.yaml, and test/config.test1.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are also documented in doc/configtables/*.csv and line references are adjusted in doc/configuration.rst and doc/tutorial.rst.
• A note for the release notes doc/release_notes.rst is amended in the format of previous release notes, including reference to the requested PR.

[davide-f]

With the latest fix, now inflows are non-zero for all powerplants in NG (tested for the dams or storage_units)

[davide-f]

I've validated the hydro energy production; I may modify an existing script to show that.
Currently, the solution for Nigeria leads to 5.56TWh of energy production. According to IEA, in 2013 (we use the cutout of 2013), the hydro energy production was 19174 TJ (https://www.iea.org/countries/nigeria) which are 5.33TWh.
I think we can consider almost finalized this problem.

Any opinions?

[davide-f]

I think this PR is in very good shape.
As you can see in the new hydro notebook, total energy production by hydro does not match the expected value (130TWh vs our 77TWh), the error is too large.
With respect to PyPSA-Eur, we do not do the inflow normalization, which may be needed and I think it is just the missing step.

That can be done in this PR or a new one, however, it is important to review the current PR that has the following new features:

• Improved hydro_capacities
• Validation notebook for hydro energy production
• Crosscheck and bugfixing for hydro energy production
• Other minor bug fixing

[pz-max]

@davide-f cool that you also repaired the CI :D
Great validation script. Yes, we are slightly off +-40%...
Before I am merging this PR due to other useful corrections happening:

• crs addition, snakemake fix, default.config fix

Can you add a release_note?

Further, can you create a new issue that addresses "Add hydro inflow normalization" or something like that?

[pz-max]

release note missing

[davide-f]

Release note added and opening the new issue

[pz-max]

Awesome 👯