GH-127381: pathlib ABCs: remove PathBase.cwd() and home() (#127427)

These classmethods presume that the user has retained the original
`__init__()` signature, which may not be the case. Also, many virtual
filesystems don't provide current or home directories.

Lib/pathlib/_abc.py

@@ -735,27 +735,12 @@ def absolute(self):
             # Treat the root directory as the current working directory.
             return self.with_segments('/', *self._raw_paths)
 
-    @classmethod
-    def cwd(cls):
-        """Return a new path pointing to the current working directory."""
-        # We call 'absolute()' rather than using 'os.getcwd()' directly to
-        # enable users to replace the implementation of 'absolute()' in a
-        # subclass and benefit from the new behaviour here. This works because
-        # os.path.abspath('.') == os.getcwd().
-        return cls().absolute()
-
     def expanduser(self):
         """ Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
         (as returned by os.path.expanduser)
         """
         raise UnsupportedOperation(self._unsupported_msg('expanduser()'))
 
-    @classmethod
-    def home(cls):
-        """Return a new path pointing to expanduser('~').
-        """
-        return cls("~").expanduser()
-
     def readlink(self):
         """
         Return the path to which the symbolic link points.

Lib/pathlib/_local.py

@@ -726,6 +726,14 @@ def absolute(self):
         tail.extend(self._tail)
         return self._from_parsed_parts(drive, root, tail)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def cwd(cls):
+        """Return a new path pointing to the current working directory."""
+        cwd = os.getcwd()
+        path = cls(cwd)
+        path._str = cwd  # getcwd() returns a normalized path
+        return path
+
     def resolve(self, strict=False):
         """
         Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also
@@ -907,6 +915,15 @@ def expanduser(self):
 
         return self
 
+    @classmethod
+    def home(cls):
+        """Return a new path pointing to expanduser('~').
+        """
+        homedir = os.path.expanduser("~")
+        if homedir == "~":
+            raise RuntimeError("Could not determine home directory.")
+        return cls(homedir)
+
     @classmethod
     def from_uri(cls, uri):
         """Return a new path from the given 'file' URI."""

Lib/test/test_pathlib/test_pathlib_abc.py

@@ -1371,9 +1371,7 @@ def test_unsupported_operation(self):
         self.assertRaises(e, p.rglob, '*')
         self.assertRaises(e, lambda: list(p.walk()))
         self.assertRaises(e, p.absolute)
-        self.assertRaises(e, P.cwd)
         self.assertRaises(e, p.expanduser)
-        self.assertRaises(e, p.home)
         self.assertRaises(e, p.readlink)
         self.assertRaises(e, p.symlink_to, 'foo')
         self.assertRaises(e, p.hardlink_to, 'foo')