[3.10] gh-91838: Use HTTPS links in docs for resources which redirect…

… to HTTPS (GH-95527) (GH-95644)

If an HTTP link is redirected to a same looking HTTPS link, the latter can
be used directly without changes in readability and behavior.
It protects from a men-in-the-middle attack.

This change does not affect Python examples..
(cherry picked from commit f79547a)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

.github/CONTRIBUTING.rst

@@ -6,19 +6,19 @@ Build Status
 
 - master
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.x.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.x.stable/>`_
 
 - 3.9
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.9.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.9.stable/>`_
 
 - 3.8
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.8.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.8.stable/>`_
 
 - 3.7
 
-  + `Stable buildbots <http://buildbot.python.org/3.7.stable/>`_
+  + `Stable buildbots <https://buildbot.python.org/3.7.stable/>`_
 
 
 Thank You

Doc/extending/index.rst

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ Recommended third party tools
 
 This guide only covers the basic tools for creating extensions provided
 as part of this version of CPython. Third party tools like
-`Cython <http://cython.org/>`_, `cffi <https://cffi.readthedocs.io>`_,
-`SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_ and `Numba <https://numba.pydata.org/>`_
+`Cython <https://cython.org/>`_, `cffi <https://cffi.readthedocs.io>`_,
+`SWIG <https://www.swig.org>`_ and `Numba <https://numba.pydata.org/>`_
 offer both simpler and more sophisticated approaches to creating C and C++
 extensions for Python.
 

Doc/faq/design.rst

@@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ is exactly the same type of object that a lambda expression yields) is assigned!
 Can Python be compiled to machine code, C or some other language?
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-`Cython <http://cython.org/>`_ compiles a modified version of Python with
-optional annotations into C extensions.  `Nuitka <http://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is
+`Cython <https://cython.org/>`_ compiles a modified version of Python with
+optional annotations into C extensions.  `Nuitka <https://www.nuitka.net/>`_ is
 an up-and-coming compiler of Python into C++ code, aiming to support the full
 Python language.
 
@@ -338,8 +338,8 @@ cycles and deletes the objects involved. The :mod:`gc` module provides functions
 to perform a garbage collection, obtain debugging statistics, and tune the
 collector's parameters.
 
-Other implementations (such as `Jython <http://www.jython.org>`_ or
-`PyPy <http://www.pypy.org>`_), however, can rely on a different mechanism
+Other implementations (such as `Jython <https://www.jython.org>`_ or
+`PyPy <https://www.pypy.org>`_), however, can rely on a different mechanism
 such as a full-blown garbage collector.  This difference can cause some
 subtle porting problems if your Python code depends on the behavior of the
 reference counting implementation.

Doc/faq/extending.rst

@@ -41,18 +41,18 @@ on what you're trying to do.
 
 .. XXX make sure these all work
 
-`Cython <http://cython.org>`_ and its relative `Pyrex
+`Cython <https://cython.org>`_ and its relative `Pyrex
 <https://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/>`_ are compilers
 that accept a slightly modified form of Python and generate the corresponding
 C code.  Cython and Pyrex make it possible to write an extension without having
 to learn Python's C API.
 
 If you need to interface to some C or C++ library for which no Python extension
 currently exists, you can try wrapping the library's data types and functions
-with a tool such as `SWIG <http://www.swig.org>`_.  `SIP
+with a tool such as `SWIG <https://www.swig.org>`_.  `SIP
 <https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/sip/intro>`__, `CXX
 <http://cxx.sourceforge.net/>`_ `Boost
-<http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html>`_, or `Weave
+<https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html>`_, or `Weave
 <https://github.com/scipy/weave>`_ are also
 alternatives for wrapping C++ libraries.
 
@@ -286,6 +286,6 @@ Can I create an object class with some methods implemented in C and others in Py
 Yes, you can inherit from built-in classes such as :class:`int`, :class:`list`,
 :class:`dict`, etc.
 
-The Boost Python Library (BPL, http://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html)
+The Boost Python Library (BPL, https://www.boost.org/libs/python/doc/index.html)
 provides a way of doing this from C++ (i.e. you can inherit from an extension
 class written in C++ using the BPL).

Doc/faq/programming.rst

@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ performance levels:
   detrimental to readability).
 
 If you have reached the limit of what pure Python can allow, there are tools
-to take you further away.  For example, `Cython <http://cython.org>`_ can
+to take you further away.  For example, `Cython <https://cython.org>`_ can
 compile a slightly modified version of Python code into a C extension, and
 can be used on many different platforms.  Cython can take advantage of
 compilation (and optional type annotations) to make your code significantly

Doc/howto/cporting.rst

@@ -22,5 +22,5 @@ We recommend the following resources for porting extension modules to Python 3:
 
 .. _Migrating C extensions: http://python3porting.com/cextensions.html
 .. _Porting guide: https://py3c.readthedocs.io/en/latest/guide.html
-.. _Cython: http://cython.org/
+.. _Cython: https://cython.org/
 .. _CFFI: https://cffi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

Doc/howto/curses.rst

@@ -537,10 +537,10 @@ Patches adding support for these would be welcome; see
 `the Python Developer's Guide <https://devguide.python.org/>`_ to
 learn more about submitting patches to Python.
 
-* `Writing Programs with NCURSES <http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-intro.html>`_:
+* `Writing Programs with NCURSES <https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses-intro.html>`_:
   a lengthy tutorial for C programmers.
 * `The ncurses man page <https://linux.die.net/man/3/ncurses>`_
-* `The ncurses FAQ <http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html>`_
+* `The ncurses FAQ <https://invisible-island.net/ncurses/ncurses.faq.html>`_
 * `"Use curses... don't swear" <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN1eZtjLEnU>`_:
   video of a PyCon 2013 talk on controlling terminals using curses or Urwid.
 * `"Console Applications with Urwid" <http://www.pyvideo.org/video/1568/console-applications-with-urwid>`_:

Doc/howto/functional.rst

@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ flow inside a program.  The book uses Scheme for its examples, but many of the
 design approaches described in these chapters are applicable to functional-style
 Python code.
 
-http://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to functional
+https://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html: A general introduction to functional
 programming that uses Java examples and has a lengthy historical introduction.
 
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming: General Wikipedia entry
@@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying: Entry for the concept of currying.
 Python-specific
 ---------------
 
-http://gnosis.cx/TPiP/: The first chapter of David Mertz's book
+https://gnosis.cx/TPiP/: The first chapter of David Mertz's book
 :title-reference:`Text Processing in Python` discusses functional programming
 for text processing, in the section titled "Utilizing Higher-Order Functions in
 Text Processing".

Doc/howto/pyporting.rst

@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ to make sure everything functions as expected in both versions of Python.
 
 
 .. _caniusepython3: https://pypi.org/project/caniusepython3
-.. _cheat sheet: http://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html
+.. _cheat sheet: https://python-future.org/compatible_idioms.html
 .. _coverage.py: https://pypi.org/project/coverage
-.. _Futurize: http://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html
+.. _Futurize: https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html
 .. _importlib2: https://pypi.org/project/importlib2
 .. _Modernize: https://python-modernize.readthedocs.io/
 .. _mypy: http://mypy-lang.org/
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ to make sure everything functions as expected in both versions of Python.
 .. _Python 3 Q & A: https://ncoghlan-devs-python-notes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python3/questions_and_answers.html
 
 .. _pytype: https://github.com/google/pytype
-.. _python-future: http://python-future.org/
+.. _python-future: https://python-future.org/
 .. _python-porting: https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-porting/
 .. _six: https://pypi.org/project/six
 .. _tox: https://pypi.org/project/tox

Doc/howto/unicode.rst

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ On the Computerphile Youtube channel, Tom Scott briefly
 (9 minutes 36 seconds).
 
 To help understand the standard, Jukka Korpela has written `an introductory
-guide <http://jkorpela.fi/unicode/guide.html>`_ to reading the
+guide <https://jkorpela.fi/unicode/guide.html>`_ to reading the
 Unicode character tables.
 
 Another `good introductory article <https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2003/10/08/the-absolute-minimum-every-software-developer-absolutely-positively-must-know-about-unicode-and-character-sets-no-excuses/>`_
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ References
 ----------
 
 One section of `Mastering Python 3 Input/Output
-<http://pyvideo.org/video/289/pycon-2010--mastering-python-3-i-o>`_,
+<https://pyvideo.org/video/289/pycon-2010--mastering-python-3-i-o>`_,
 a PyCon 2010 talk by David Beazley, discusses text processing and binary data handling.
 
 The `PDF slides for Marc-André Lemburg's presentation "Writing Unicode-aware
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ discuss questions of character encodings as well as how to internationalize
 and localize an application.  These slides cover Python 2.x only.
 
 `The Guts of Unicode in Python
-<http://pyvideo.org/video/1768/the-guts-of-unicode-in-python>`_
+<https://pyvideo.org/video/1768/the-guts-of-unicode-in-python>`_
 is a PyCon 2013 talk by Benjamin Peterson that discusses the internal Unicode
 representation in Python 3.3.
 

Doc/howto/urllib2.rst

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ fetched, particularly the headers sent by the server. It is currently an
 :class:`http.client.HTTPMessage` instance.
 
 Typical headers include 'Content-length', 'Content-type', and so on. See the
-`Quick Reference to HTTP Headers <http://jkorpela.fi/http.html>`_
+`Quick Reference to HTTP Headers <https://jkorpela.fi/http.html>`_
 for a useful listing of HTTP headers with brief explanations of their meaning
 and use.
 

Doc/library/collections.rst

@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ added elements by appending to the right and popping to the left::
 
     def moving_average(iterable, n=3):
         # moving_average([40, 30, 50, 46, 39, 44]) --> 40.0 42.0 45.0 43.0
-        # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average
+        # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_average
         it = iter(iterable)
         d = deque(itertools.islice(it, n-1))
         d.appendleft(0)

Doc/library/difflib.rst

@@ -353,9 +353,9 @@ diffs. For comparing directories and files, see also, the :mod:`filecmp` module.
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   `Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach <http://www.drdobbs.com/database/pattern-matching-the-gestalt-approach/184407970>`_
+   `Pattern Matching: The Gestalt Approach <https://www.drdobbs.com/database/pattern-matching-the-gestalt-approach/184407970>`_
       Discussion of a similar algorithm by John W. Ratcliff and D. E. Metzener. This
-      was published in `Dr. Dobb's Journal <http://www.drdobbs.com/>`_ in July, 1988.
+      was published in `Dr. Dobb's Journal <https://www.drdobbs.com/>`_ in July, 1988.
 
 
 .. _sequence-matcher:

Doc/library/gettext.rst

@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ There are a few tools to extract the strings meant for translation.
 The original GNU :program:`gettext` only supported C or C++ source
 code but its extended version :program:`xgettext` scans code written
 in a number of languages, including Python, to find strings marked as
-translatable.  `Babel <http://babel.pocoo.org/>`__ is a Python
+translatable.  `Babel <https://babel.pocoo.org/>`__ is a Python
 internationalization library that includes a :file:`pybabel` script to
 extract and compile message catalogs.  François Pinard's program
 called :program:`xpot` does a similar job and is available as part of

Doc/library/http.client.rst

@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ Here is an example session that shows how to ``POST`` requests::
    302 Found
    >>> data = response.read()
    >>> data
-   b'Redirecting to <a href="http://bugs.python.org/issue12524">http://bugs.python.org/issue12524</a>'
+   b'Redirecting to <a href="https://bugs.python.org/issue12524">https://bugs.python.org/issue12524</a>'
    >>> conn.close()
 
 Client side ``HTTP PUT`` requests are very similar to ``POST`` requests. The

Doc/library/json.rst

@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ Basic Usage
    *object_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the result of
    any object literal decoded (a :class:`dict`).  The return value of
    *object_hook* will be used instead of the :class:`dict`.  This feature can be used
-   to implement custom decoders (e.g. `JSON-RPC <http://www.jsonrpc.org>`_
+   to implement custom decoders (e.g. `JSON-RPC <https://www.jsonrpc.org>`_
    class hinting).
 
    *object_pairs_hook* is an optional function that will be called with the
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ Encoders and Decoders
    *object_hook*, if specified, will be called with the result of every JSON
    object decoded and its return value will be used in place of the given
    :class:`dict`.  This can be used to provide custom deserializations (e.g. to
-   support `JSON-RPC <http://www.jsonrpc.org>`_ class hinting).
+   support `JSON-RPC <https://www.jsonrpc.org>`_ class hinting).
 
    *object_pairs_hook*, if specified will be called with the result of every
    JSON object decoded with an ordered list of pairs.  The return value of

Doc/library/os.path.rst

@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ the :mod:`glob` module.)
 
   .. note::
       On POSIX systems, in accordance with `IEEE Std 1003.1 2013 Edition; 4.13
-      Pathname Resolution <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap04.html#tag_04_13>`_,
+      Pathname Resolution <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1_chap04.html#tag_04_13>`_,
       if a pathname begins with exactly two slashes, the first component
       following the leading characters may be interpreted in an implementation-defined
       manner, although more than two leading characters shall be treated as a

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -2439,9 +2439,9 @@ features:
    .. note::
 
       On Unix-based systems, :func:`scandir` uses the system's
-      `opendir() <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/opendir.html>`_
+      `opendir() <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/opendir.html>`_
       and
-      `readdir() <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/readdir_r.html>`_
+      `readdir() <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/readdir_r.html>`_
       functions. On Windows, it uses the Win32
       `FindFirstFileW <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa364418(v=vs.85).aspx>`_
       and
@@ -4870,7 +4870,7 @@ Random numbers
    :py:data:`GRND_NONBLOCK`.
 
    See also the `Linux getrandom() manual page
-   <http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getrandom.2.html>`_.
+   <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/getrandom.2.html>`_.
 
    .. availability:: Linux 3.17 and newer.
 

Doc/library/secrets.rst

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Generate an eight-character alphanumeric password:
 .. note::
 
    Applications should not
-   `store passwords in a recoverable format <http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/257.html>`_,
+   `store passwords in a recoverable format <https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/257.html>`_,
    whether plain text or encrypted.  They should be salted and hashed
    using a cryptographically strong one-way (irreversible) hash function.
 

Doc/library/shutil.rst

@@ -791,4 +791,4 @@ Querying the size of the output terminal
    http://www.manpagez.com/man/3/copyfile/
 
 .. _`Other Environment Variables`:
-   http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xbd/envvar.html#tag_002_003
+   https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xbd/envvar.html#tag_002_003

Doc/library/socket.rst

@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ Constants
 
    .. seealso::
 
-      `Secure File Descriptor Handling <http://udrepper.livejournal.com/20407.html>`_
+      `Secure File Descriptor Handling <https://udrepper.livejournal.com/20407.html>`_
       for a more thorough explanation.
 
    .. availability:: Linux >= 2.6.27.

Doc/library/statistics.rst

@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ Carlo simulation <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Carlo_method>`_:
     [1.4591308524824727, 1.8035946855390597, 2.175091447274739]
 
 Normal distributions can be used to approximate `Binomial
-distributions <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/BinomialDistribution.html>`_
+distributions <https://mathworld.wolfram.com/BinomialDistribution.html>`_
 when the sample size is large and when the probability of a successful
 trial is near 50%.
 

Doc/library/string.rst

@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ internationalization (i18n) since in that context, the simpler syntax and
 functionality makes it easier to translate than other built-in string
 formatting facilities in Python.  As an example of a library built on template
 strings for i18n, see the
-`flufl.i18n <http://flufli18n.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ package.
+`flufl.i18n <https://flufli18n.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_ package.
 
 .. index:: single: $ (dollar); in template strings
 

Doc/library/sys.rst

@@ -1744,4 +1744,4 @@ always available.
 
 .. rubric:: Citations
 
-.. [C99] ISO/IEC 9899:1999.  "Programming languages -- C."  A public draft of this standard is available at http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf\ .
+.. [C99] ISO/IEC 9899:1999.  "Programming languages -- C."  A public draft of this standard is available at https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf\ .

Doc/library/tkinter.rst

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ details that are unchanged.
    * `Python and Tkinter Programming <https://www.packtpub.com/product/python-gui-programming-with-tkinter/9781788835886>`_
       By Alan Moore. (ISBN 978-1788835886)
 
-   * `Programming Python <http://learning-python.com/about-pp4e.html>`_
+   * `Programming Python <https://learning-python.com/about-pp4e.html>`_
       By Mark Lutz; has excellent coverage of Tkinter. (ISBN 978-0596158101)
 
    * `Tcl and the Tk Toolkit (2nd edition)  <https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/032133633X>`_
@@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ wherever the image was used.
 
 .. seealso::
 
-    The `Pillow <http://python-pillow.org/>`_ package adds support for
+    The `Pillow <https://python-pillow.org/>`_ package adds support for
     formats such as BMP, JPEG, TIFF, and WebP, among others.
 
 .. _tkinter-file-handlers:

Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst

@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ between conformable Python objects and XML on the wire.
       Added support of unmarshalling additional types used by Apache XML-RPC
       implementation for numerics: ``i1``, ``i2``, ``i8``, ``biginteger``,
       ``float`` and ``bigdecimal``.
-      See http://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/types.html for a description.
+      See https://ws.apache.org/xmlrpc/types.html for a description.
 
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   `XML-RPC HOWTO <http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XML-RPC-HOWTO/index.html>`_
+   `XML-RPC HOWTO <https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XML-RPC-HOWTO/index.html>`_
       A good description of XML-RPC operation and client software in several languages.
       Contains pretty much everything an XML-RPC client developer needs to know.
 

Doc/license.rst

@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ Sockets
 
 The :mod:`socket` module uses the functions, :func:`getaddrinfo`, and
 :func:`getnameinfo`, which are coded in separate source files from the WIDE
-Project, http://www.wide.ad.jp/. ::
+Project, https://www.wide.ad.jp/. ::
 
    Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
    All rights reserved.