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PyType_FromSpec API fails to use metaclass of bases #89546

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seberg mannequin opened this issue Oct 5, 2021 · 12 comments · Fixed by #93686
Closed

PyType_FromSpec API fails to use metaclass of bases #89546

seberg mannequin opened this issue Oct 5, 2021 · 12 comments · Fixed by #93686
Labels
3.11 only security fixes interpreter-core (Objects, Python, Grammar, and Parser dirs) topic-C-API type-crash A hard crash of the interpreter, possibly with a core dump

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@seberg
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seberg mannequin commented Oct 5, 2021

BPO 45383
Nosy @encukou, @seberg
PRs
  • bpo-45383: Inherit MetaClass from bases in FromSpec API #28748
  • Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.

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    GitHub fields:

    assignee = None
    closed_at = None
    created_at = <Date 2021-10-05.21:51:26.452>
    labels = ['interpreter-core', 'expert-C-API', 'type-crash', '3.11']
    title = 'PyType_FromSpec API fails to use metaclass of bases'
    updated_at = <Date 2021-12-17.17:19:49.187>
    user = 'https://github.com/seberg'

    bugs.python.org fields:

    activity = <Date 2021-12-17.17:19:49.187>
    actor = 'seberg'
    assignee = 'none'
    closed = False
    closed_date = None
    closer = None
    components = ['Interpreter Core', 'C API']
    creation = <Date 2021-10-05.21:51:26.452>
    creator = 'seberg'
    dependencies = []
    files = []
    hgrepos = []
    issue_num = 45383
    keywords = []
    message_count = 9.0
    messages = ['403273', '408532', '408720', '408723', '408790', '408791', '408793', '408797', '408801']
    nosy_count = 2.0
    nosy_names = ['petr.viktorin', 'seberg']
    pr_nums = ['28748']
    priority = 'normal'
    resolution = None
    stage = None
    status = 'open'
    superseder = None
    type = 'crash'
    url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue45383'
    versions = ['Python 3.11']

    @seberg
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    seberg mannequin commented Oct 5, 2021

    The PyType_FromSpec fails to take care about MetaClasses.

     https://bugs.python.org/issue15870
    

    Asks to create a new API to pass in the MetaClass. This issue is only about "inheriting" the metaclass of the bases correctly. Currently, Python fails to take into account that the bases may be MetaClass and not PyType_Type instances.

    @seberg seberg mannequin added 3.11 only security fixes interpreter-core (Objects, Python, Grammar, and Parser dirs) topic-C-API type-crash A hard crash of the interpreter, possibly with a core dump labels Oct 5, 2021
    @encukou
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    encukou commented Dec 14, 2021

    I haven't forgotten this issue, but when I get to it it always leads to a rabbit hole. Sometimes just chasing refleaks, but there are deeper issues as well.

    AFAICS, there's no way to call metatype.tp_new for such a class. I guess the safest option is to fail when the metaclass has a custom tp_new -- because that means the metaclass is requesting that it wants to allocate/initialize its types itself.

    We can call metatype.tp_init, and probably should. And __init_subclass__ too, I suppose.

    But at that point, this is duplicating a lot of existing functionality, and I'm starting to wonder if this wouldn't all be better with calling the metaclass instead.
    What's missing?

    • basicsize/itemsize could be allowed with __basicsize__/__itemsize__ in the dict.
    • flags: we could add mechanisms to set individual flags after the type is created, as needed.
    • slots can usually be applied after the class is created; maybe there should be a public function for this.
    • members could theoretically be copied to individual descriptors; there doesn't seem much need for keeping tp_members around.

    Does that seem like a more reasonable direction to explore?

    @seberg
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    seberg mannequin commented Dec 16, 2021

    Sorry, I need some time to dive back into this, so some things might be garbled :). Yes, I do agree supporting a custom tp_new here seems incredibly tricky. I have not thought about the implications of this, though.

    guess the safest option is to fail when the metaclass has a custom tp_new

    That would seem OK, but I can't quite judge it. It may mean that I have to do a custom factory to create new metaclass instances from Python, but that is probably for the better anyway.

    Now, calling tp_new is a bit useless, since from C we don't have a dict anyway (at least not really). So yeah, this does not make sense at all for most Python defined metaclasses... (they may want to inspect/mutate the dict)

    But at that point, this is duplicating a lot of existing functionality, and I'm starting to wonder if this wouldn't all be better with calling the metaclass instead.

    I do not think I am following :(. My worry is that I want people to create a MetaClass instance through C (but not be locked into static types forever).

    My current thought is that I would like it be possible to do something like:

        /* Create a new type object */
        type_spec = {stuff};
        newtype = PyType_FromSpec(&type_spec);
        /* Finalize the MetaClass */
        metatype_spec = {more_stuff};
        PyArray_InitDTypeFromSpec(newtype, &metatype_spec);

    Of course I can move this into a single function and create the class for the user. But I am uncertain that piping everything through tp_new will help? At some point I thought that the user should create a subclass, and I create another class inheriting it. But it also seems convoluted and complicated.

    I have no idea right now, but maybe there could also be a way to make creating a metaclass-factory in C easier, rather than supporting PyType_FromSpec for metaclasses.
    (I.e. an PyType_InitFromSpec() doing most of what PyType_FromSpec does, but really meant to be only used be such metaclass factories.)

    • basicsize/itemsize could be allowed with __basicsize__/__itemsize__ in the dict.

    Do we need this? I need the basicsize of the metaclass, but that of the class seems fixed/OK?

    • flags: we could add mechanisms to set individual flags after the type is created, as needed.

    Seems fine, yeah.

    • slots can usually be applied after the class is created; maybe there should be a public function for this.
    • members could theoretically be copied to individual descriptors; there doesn't seem much need for keeping tp_members around.

    But a Python MetaClass (that the author may not even realize about) might need access to these to work properly?
    A bit far fetched, but...

    @seberg
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    seberg mannequin commented Dec 16, 2021

    It is probably early, but I am starting to like the idea of a "C MetaClass factory" helper/indicator.

    It seems to me that yes, at least tp_new cannot be called reasonable for a class that is created in C, it is just too confusing/awkward to try to push the C stuff through the Python API. (And the Python API is the typical one that should not be inconvenienced)

    Which gives two possibilities if I want this capability?:

    1. Force use of a custom class factory in Python (i.e. not through __new__). But that seems hard, since I need to refuse __new__()!).
    2. Use a class factor in C which never calls __new__ and knows that this is OK.

    This is not my turf, so I like unholy, but maybe pragmatic things :). Would a slot/flag indicating Py_using_metaclass_cinit_pretty_promise_please "solve" these issues?

    I mean, we have two ways to create classes (C and Python), I am not sure it is plausible to untangle this on the MetaClass level, so maybe the only way forward is to embrace it: Some Python MetaClasses just can't be instantiated from C, because we don't know it will work. If we want to allow instantiating the MetaClass from C, we need some way to set this up. And either we cannot use PyType_FromSpec then, or we need to tell it that we know what we are doing.

    @encukou
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    encukou commented Dec 17, 2021

    I don't see how instantiating a metaclass with non-default tp_new would work if you don't know some details about the specific metaclass. So IMO we can we limit ourselves to scenarios where either:

    1. the metaclass uses default tp_new, or
    2. the code that creates the class knows about the metaclass

    For case 2), we could leave allocation to the calling code, and add an API function that does the rest of the work of applying the spec. Something like:

        /* Create a metaclass */
        metatype_spec = {stuff};
        metatype = PyType_FromSpecAndBases(&metatype_spec, &PyType_Type);
        /* Create a type */
        type_spec = {other_stuff};
        newtype = alloc_metatype();
        PyType_ApplySpec(newtype, &type_spec);

    PyType_ApplySpec would assert PyType_Ready wasn't called before, and call it after filling in the name, slots, etc.
    The metatype could disable its tp_new to disallow PyType_FromSpec (and Python __new__), effectively enforcing "using_metaclass_cinit_pretty_promise_please".

    There could be a slot for code to run at the end of PyType_ApplySpec -- the "PyArray_InitDTypeFromSpec" in your pseudocode.

    That seems better than calling the metaclass, but to answer questions on that idea:

    > - basicsize/itemsize could be allowed with __basicsize__/__itemsize__ in the dict.
    Do we need this? I need the basicsize of the metaclass, but that of the class seems fixed/OK?

    That's the size of the instance. One more level down :)

    > - members could theoretically be copied to individual descriptors; there doesn't seem much need for keeping tp_members around.
    But a Python MetaClass (that the author may not even realize about) might need access to these to work properly?
    A bit far fetched, but...

    Seems very far-fetched to me. IMO these, like e.g. tp_methods, should only be used as arguments for the code that puts the descriptors in __dict__. How the descriptors got there is a detail, the class doesn't need to use tp_members (nor advertise that it does).

    @seberg
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    seberg mannequin commented Dec 17, 2021

    Fully, agree! In the end, PyType_FromSpec replaces type.__new__() (and init I guess) when working in C. In Python, we would call type.__new__ (maybe via super) from the metatype.__new__, but right now, in C, the metatype cannot reliably use PyType_FromSpec in its own metatype.__new__ to do the same.

    I agree with the scenarios:

    • If we do not have a custom metatype.__new__ (init?) then PyType_FromSpec should have no reason to refuse doing the work, because nothing can go wrong.
    • If we do have a custom tp_new the user has to provide C API to create the metaclass instance. But they still need a way to call type.__new__ in C (i.e. get what PyType_FromSpec does, and promising to do the rest).

    PyType_ApplySpec would provide that way to create a custom metatype.__new__ in C when PyType_FromSpec() would otherwise reject it to make the first scenario safe.
    A flag probably can do the same. I have no preference, ApplySpec seems great to me.

    @encukou
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    encukou commented Dec 17, 2021

    Nice! It's starting to look reasonable, I'll try an implementation when I get some focus time. (Sadly I can't promise it'll be this year.)

    Just one detail:

    A flag probably can do the same. I have no preference, ApplySpec seems great to me.

    I didn't get what you mean here.

    @seberg
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    seberg mannequin commented Dec 17, 2021

    Well, what we need is a way to say: I am calling type.__new__ (i.e. PyType_FromSpec) on purpose from (effectively) my own mytype.__new__?

    That is, because right now I assume we want to protect users from calling PyType_FromSpec thinking that it is equivalent to calling class new(base) when it may not be if base is a metaclass. So calling PyType_FromSpec might refuse to work if it finds a custom metaclass.__new__ (init?).

    I don't really see that it matters if we only support effectively this from C:

    class MyMetaClass(type):
        def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
            self = type.__new__(...)  # this is PyType_FromSpec
            # more stuff
    

    So, I thought telling PyType_FromSpec that we are "inside" a custom __new__ is sufficient and that even as a flag passed as part of the spec could be enough.
    But... I agree that I do not quite see that it would be pretty, so it probably was a bad idea :).

    Plus, if you add a new method it should also solves the issue of setting the tp_type slot to the metaclass explicitly when it is not implicit by inheritance (which is the only thing I care about).
    (PyType_FromSpec and PyType_ApplySpec will still need to do the work of resolving the metaclass from the base classes, though.)

    @seberg
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    seberg mannequin commented Dec 17, 2021

    Btw. huge thanks for looking into this! Let me know if I can try to help out (I can make due with static metatypes, but my story seems much clearer if I could say: Well with Py 3.11 you can, and probably should, do it dynamically.). I had lost a lot of time chasing "metaclass should just work" followed by "but I can't get it right without bad hacks".

    And now the solution seems fairly clear, which is amazing :)!

    @encukou
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    encukou commented Jun 1, 2022

    After PyType_From* functions are enhanced in #93012 and #28748, I'd like to take a moment to clean it up:

    • Minimize calling Python code and raising exceptions between tp_alloc and PyType_Ready
    • Make the refcounting more regular
    • Check that base & offsets fit in the basicsize

    Some of this is already entangled in #28748, but still, a separate cleanup PR is best practice.

    @seberg
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    seberg commented Jun 9, 2022

    Thanks for fixing up the PR and pushing this through Petr! Sounds like this can be closed then :).

    @encukou
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    encukou commented Jun 9, 2022

    Not yet, I'm preparing a clean-up PR (which I plan to send after #93471 to avoid conflicts).

    miss-islington pushed a commit that referenced this issue Jun 14, 2022
    When changing PyType_FromMetaclass recently (GH-93012, GH-93466, GH-28748)
    I found a bunch of opportunities to improve the code. Here they are.
    
    Fixes: #89546
    
    Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:encukou
    serhiy-storchaka added a commit that referenced this issue Jun 26, 2022
    * GH-93444: remove redundant fields from basicblock: b_nofallthrough, b_exit, b_return (GH-93445)
    
    * netrc: Remove unused "import shlex" (#93311)
    
    * gh-92886: Fix test that fails when running with `-O` in `test_imaplib.py` (#93237)
    
    * Fix missing word in sys.float_info docstring (GH-93489)
    
    * [doc] Correct a grammatical error in a docstring. (GH-93441)
    
    * gh-93442: Make C++ version of _Py_CAST work with 0/NULL. (#93500)
    
    Add C++ overloads for _Py_CAST_impl() to handle 0/NULL.  This will allow
    C++ extensions that pass 0 or NULL to macros using _Py_CAST() to
    continue to compile.  Without this, you get an error like:
    
        invalid ‘static_cast’ from type ‘int’ to type ‘_object*’
    
    The modern way to use a NULL value in C++ is to use nullptr.  However,
    we want to not break extensions that do things the old way.
    
    Co-authored-by: serge-sans-paille
    
    * gh-93442: Add test for _Py_CAST(nullptr). (gh-93505)
    
    * gh-90473: wasmtime does not support absolute symlinks (GH-93490)
    
    * gh-89973: Fix re.error in the fnmatch module. (GH-93072)
    
    Character ranges with upper bound less that lower bound (e.g. [c-a])
    are now interpreted as empty ranges, for compatibility with other glob
    pattern implementations. Previously it was re.error.
    
    * Document LOAD_FAST_CHECK opcode (#93498)
    
    * gh-93247: Fix assert function in asyncio locks test (#93248)
    
    * gh-90473: WASI requires proper open(2) flags (GH-93529)
    
    * GH-92308 What's New: list pending removals in 3.13 and future versions (#92562)
    
    * gh-90473: Skip POSIX tests that don't apply to WASI (GH-93536)
    
    * asyncio.Barrier docs: Fix typo (#93371)
    
    taks -> tasks
    
    * gh-83728: Add hmac.new default parameter deprecation (GH-91939)
    
    * gh-90473: Make chmod a dummy on WASI, skip chmod tests (GH-93534)
    
    WASI does not have the ``chmod(2)`` syscall yet.
    
    * Remove action=None kwarg from Barrier docs (GH-93538)
    
    * [docs] fix some asyncio.Barrier.wait docs grammar (GH-93552)
    
    * gh-93475: Expose FICLONE and FICLONERANGE constants in fcntl (#93478)
    
    * gh-89018: Improve documentation of `sqlite3` exceptions (#27645)
    
    - Order exceptions as in PEP 249
    - Reword descriptions, so they match the current behaviour
    
    Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
    
    * bpo-42658: Use LCMapStringEx in ntpath.normcase to match OS behaviour for case-folding (GH-32010)
    
    * Fix contributor name in WhatsNew 3.11 (GH-93556)
    
    * Grammar fix to socket error string (GH-93523)
    
    * gh-86986: bump min sphinx version to 3.2 (GH-93337)
    
    * gh-79096: Protect cookie file created by {LWP,Mozilla}CookieJar.save() (GH-93463)
    
    Note: This change is not effective on Microsoft Windows.
    
    Cookies can store sensitive information and should therefore be protected
    against unauthorized third parties. This is also described in issue #79096.
    
    The filesystem permissions are currently set to 644, everyone can read the
    file. This commit changes the permissions to 600, only the creater of the file
    can read and modify it. This improves security, because it reduces the attack
    surface. Now the attacker needs control of the user that created the cookie or
    a ways to circumvent the filesystems permissions.
    
    This change is backwards incompatible. Systems that rely on world-readable
    cookies will breake. However, one could argue that those are misconfigured in
    the first place.
    
    * gh-93162: Add ability to configure QueueHandler/QueueListener together (GH-93269)
    
    Also, provide getHandlerByName() and getHandlerNames() APIs.
    
    Closes #93162.
    
    * gh-57539: Increase calendar test coverage (GH-93468)
    
    Co-authored-by: Sean Fleming
    Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
    Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
    
    * gh-88831: In docs for asyncio.create_task, explain why strong references to tasks are needed (GH-93258)
    
    Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
    
    * Shrink the LOAD_METHOD cache by one codeunit. (#93537)
    
    * Fix MSVC compiler warnings in ceval.c (#93569)
    
    * gh-93162: test_config_queue_handler requires threading (GH-93572)
    
    * gh-84461: Emscripten's faccessat() does not accept flags (GHß92353)
    
    * gh-92592: Allow logging filters to return a LogRecord. (GH-92591)
    
    * Fix `PurePath.relative_to` links in the pathlib documentation. (GH-93268)
    
    These are currently broken as they refer to :meth:`Path.relative_to` rather than :meth:`PurePath.relative_to`, and `relative_to` is a method on `PurePath`.
    
    * GH-93481: Suppress expected deprecation warning in test_pyclbr (GH-93483)
    
    * gh-93370: Deprecate sqlite3.version and sqlite3.version_info (#93482)
    
    Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
    Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
    Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
    
    * GH-93521: For dataclasses, filter out `__weakref__` slot if present in bases (GH-93535)
    
    * gh-93421: Update sqlite3 cursor.rowcount only after SQLITE_DONE (#93526)
    
    * gh-93584: Make all install+tests targets depends on all (GH-93589)
    
    All install targets use the "all" target as synchronization point to
    prevent race conditions with PGO builds. PGO builds use recursive make,
    which can lead to two parallel `./python setup.py build` processes that
    step on each others toes.
    
    "test" targets now correctly compile PGO build in a clean repo.
    
    * gh-87961: Remove outdated notes from functions that aren't in the Limited API (GH-93581)
    
    * Remove outdated notes from functions that aren't in the Limited API
    
    Nowadays everything that *is* in the Limited API has a note added
    automatically.
    These notes could mislead people to think that these functions
    could never be added to the limited API. Remove them.
    
    * Also remove forgotten note on tp_vectorcall_offset not being finalized
    
    * gh-93180: Update os.copy_file_range() documentation (#93182)
    
    * gh-93575: Use correct way to calculate PyUnicode struct sizes (GH-93602)
    
    * gh-93575: Use correct way to calculate PyUnicode struct sizes
    
    * Add comment to keep test_sys and test_unicode in sync
    
    * Fix case code < 256
    
    * gh-90473: Define HOSTRUNNER for WASI (GH-93606)
    
    * gh-79096: Fix/improve http cookiejar tests (GH-93614)
    
    Fixup of GH-93463:
    - remove stray print
    - use proper way to check file mode
    - add working chmod decorator
    
    Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
    
    * gh-93616: Fix env changed issue in test_modulefinder (GH-93617)
    
    * gh-90494: Reject 6th element of the __reduce__() tuple (GH-93609)
    
    copy.copy() and copy.deepcopy() now always raise a TypeError if
    __reduce__() returns a tuple with length 6 instead of silently ignore
    the 6th item or produce incorrect result.
    
    * Doc: Update references and examples of old, unsupported OSes and uarches (GH-92791)
    
    * bpo-45383: Get metaclass from bases in PyType_From* (GH-28748)
    
    This checks the bases of of a type created using the FromSpec
    API to inherit the bases metaclasses.  The metaclass's alloc
    function will be called as is done in `tp_new` for classes
    created in Python.
    
    Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
    Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
    
    * Improve logging documentation with example and additional cookbook re… (GH-93644)
    
    * gh-90473: disable user site packages on WASI/Emscripten (GH-93633)
    
    * gh-90473: Skip get_config_h() tests on WASI (GH-93645)
    
    * gh-90549: Fix leak of global named resources using multiprocessing spawn (#30617)
    
    Co-authored-by: XD Trol <milestonejxd@gmail.com>
    Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <pitrou@free.fr>
    
    * gh-92434: Silence compiler warning in Modules/_sqlite/connection.c on 32-bit systems (#93090)
    
    * gh-90763: Modernise xx template module initialisation (#93078)
    
    Use C APIs such as PyModule_AddType instead of PyModule_AddObject.
    Also remove incorrect module decrefs if module fails to initialise.
    
    * gh-93491: Add support tier detection to configure (GH-93492)
    
    Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
    Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@microsoft.com>
    Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
    
    * gh-93466: Document PyType_Spec doesn't accept repeated slot IDs; raise where this was problematic (GH-93471)
    
    * gh-93671: Avoid exponential backtracking in deeply nested sequence patterns in match statements (GH-93680)
    
    Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
    
    * gh-81790: support "UNC" device paths in `ntpath.splitdrive()` (GH-91882)
    
    * GH-93621: reorder code in with/async-with exception exit path to reduce the size of the exception table (GH-93622)
    
    * gh-93461: Invalidate sys.path_importer_cache entries with relative paths (GH-93653)
    
    * gh-91317: Document that Path does not collapse initial `//` (GH-32193)
    
    
    
    Documentation for `pathlib` says:
    
    > Spurious slashes and single dots are collapsed, but double dots ('..') are not, since this would change the meaning of a path in the face of symbolic links:
    
    However, it omits that initial double slashes also aren't collapsed.
    
    Later, in documentation of `PurePath.drive`, `PurePath.root`, and `PurePath.name` it mentions UNC but:
    
    - this abbreviation says nothing to a person who is unaware about existence of UNC (Wikipedia doesn't help either by [giving a disambiguation page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNC))
    - it shows up only if a person needs to use a specific property or decides to fully learn what the module provides.
    
    For context, see the BPO entry.
    
    * gh-92886: Fix tests that fail when running with optimizations (`-O`) in `test_zipimport.py` (GH-93236)
    
    * gh-92930: _pickle.c: Acquire strong references before calling save() (GH-92931)
    
    * gh-84461: Use HOSTRUNNER to run regression tests (GH-93694)
    
    Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>
    
    * gh-90473: Skip test_queue when threading is not available (GH-93712)
    
    * gh-90153:  whatsnew: "z" option in format spec (GH-93624)
    
    Add what's new entry for PEP 682 in Python 3.11.
    
    * gh-86404: [doc] A make sucpicious false positive. (GH-93710)
    
    * Change list to view object (#93661)
    
    * gh-84508: tool to generate cjk traditional chinese mappings (gh-93272)
    
    * Remove usage of _Py_IDENTIFIER from math module (#93739)
    
    * gh-91162: Support splitting of unpacked arbitrary-length tuple over TypeVar and TypeVarTuple parameters (alt) (GH-93412)
    
    For example:
    
      A[T, *Ts][*tuple[int, ...]] -> A[int, *tuple[int, ...]]
      A[*Ts, T][*tuple[int, ...]] -> A[*tuple[int, ...], int]
    
    * gh-93728: fix memory leak in deepfrozen code objects (GH-93729)
    
    * gh-93747: Fix Refleak when handling multiple Py_tp_doc slots (gh-93749)
    
    * GH-90699: use statically allocated strings in typeobject.c (gh-93751)
    
    * Add more FOR_ITER specialization stats (GH-32151)
    
    * gh-89653: PEP 670: Convert PyFunction macros (#93765)
    
    Convert PyFunction macros to static inline functions.
    
    * Remove ANY_VARARGS() macro from the C API (#93764)
    
    The macro was exposed by mistake.
    
    * gh-84623: Remove unused imports in stdlib (#93773)
    
    * gh-91731: Don't define 'static_assert' in C++11 where is a keyword to avoid UB (GH-93700)
    
    * gh-84623: Remove unused imports in tests (#93772)
    
    * gh-93353: Fix importlib.resources._tempfile() finalizer (#93377)
    
    Fix the importlib.resources.as_file() context manager to remove the
    temporary file if destroyed late during Python finalization: keep a
    local reference to the os.remove() function. Patch by Victor Stinner.
    
    * gh-84461: Fix parallel testing on WebAssembly (GH-93768)
    
    * gh-89653: PEP 670: Macros always cast arguments in cpython/ (#93766)
    
    Header files in the Include/cpython/ are only included if
    the Py_LIMITED_API macro is not defined.
    
    * gh-93353: Add test.support.late_deletion() (#93774)
    
    * gh-93741: Add private C API _PyImport_GetModuleAttrString() (GH-93742)
    
    It combines PyImport_ImportModule() and PyObject_GetAttrString()
    and saves 4-6 lines of code on every use.
    
    Add also _PyImport_GetModuleAttr() which takes Python strings as arguments.
    
    * gh-79512: Fixed names and __module__ value of weakref classes (GH-93719)
    
    Classes ReferenceType, ProxyType and CallableProxyType have now correct
    atrtributes __module__, __name__ and __qualname__.
    It makes them (types, not instances) pickleable.
    
    * gh-91810: Fix regression with writing an XML declaration with encoding='unicode' (GH-93426)
    
    Suppress writing an XML declaration in open files in ElementTree.write()
    with encoding='unicode' and xml_declaration=None.
    
    If file patch is passed to ElementTree.write() with encoding='unicode',
    always open a new file in UTF-8.
    
    * gh-93761: Fix test to avoid simple delay when synchronizing. (GH-93779)
    
    * gh-89546: Clean up PyType_FromMetaclass (GH-93686)
    
    
    
    When changing PyType_FromMetaclass recently (GH-93012, GH-93466, GH-28748)
    I found a bunch of opportunities to improve the code. Here they are.
    
    Fixes: #89546
    
    Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:encukou
    
    * gh-91321: Fix compatibility with C++ older than C++11 (#93784)
    
    Fix the compatibility of the Python C API with C++ older than C++11.
    
    _Py_NULL is only defined as nullptr on C++11 and newer.
    
    * GH-93662: Make sure that column offsets are correct in multi-line method calls. (GH-93673)
    
    * GH-93516: Store offset of first traceable instruction in code object (GH-93769)
    
    * gh-90473: Include stdlib dir in wasmtime PYTHONPATH (GH-93797)
    
    * GH-93429: Merge `LOAD_METHOD` back into `LOAD_ATTR` (GH-93430)
    
    * gh-93353: regrtest checks for leaked temporary files (#93776)
    
    When running tests with -jN, create a temporary directory per process
    and mark a test as "environment changed" if a test leaks a temporary
    file or directory.
    
    * gh-79579: Improve DML query detection in sqlite3 (#93623)
    
    The fix involves using pysqlite_check_remaining_sql(), not only to check
    for multiple statements, but now also to strip leading comments and
    whitespace from SQL statements, so we can improve DML query detection.
    
    pysqlite_check_remaining_sql() is renamed lstrip_sql(), to more
    accurately reflect its function, and hardened to handle more SQL comment
    corner cases.
    
    * GH-93678: reduce boilerplate and code repetition in the compiler (GH-93682)
    
    * gh-91877: Fix WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_{limits,size} docs (#92338)
    
    - Amend docs for WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_limits
    - Add docs for WriteTransport.get_write_buffer_size
    
    * GH-93429: Document `LOAD_METHOD` removal (GH-93803)
    
    * Include freelists in allocation total. (GH-93799)
    
    * gh-93795: Use test.support TESTFN/unlink in sqlite3 tests (#93796)
    
    * Remove LOAD_METHOD stats. (GH-93807)
    
    * Rename 'LOAD_METHOD' specialization stat consts to 'ATTR'. (GH-93812)
    
    * gh-93353: Fix regrtest for -jN with N >= 2 (GH-93813)
    
    * [docs] Fix LOAD_ATTR version changed (GH-93816)
    
    * gh-93814: Add infinite test for itertools.chain.from_iterable (GH-93815)
    
    
    
    fix #93814
    
    Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:rhettinger
    
    * gh-93735: Split Docs CI to speed-up the build (GH-93736)
    
    * gh-93183: Adjust wording in socket docs (#93832)
    
    package => packet
    
    Co-authored-by: Victor Norman
    
    * gh-93829: In sqlite3, replace Py_BuildValue with faster APIs (#93830)
    
    - In Modules/_sqlite/connection.c, use PyLong_FromLong
    - In Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c, use PyTuple_Pack
    
    * Add test.support.busy_retry() (#93770)
    
    Add busy_retry() and sleeping_retry() functions to test.support.
    
    * gh-87260: Update sqlite3 signature docs to reflect actual implementation (#93840)
    
    Align the docs for the following methods with the actual implementation:
    
    - sqlite3.complete_statement()
    - sqlite3.Connection.create_function()
    - sqlite3.Connection.create_aggregate()
    - sqlite3.Connection.set_progress_handler()
    
    * test_thread uses support.sleeping_retry() (#93849)
    
    test_thread.test_count() now fails if it takes longer than
    LONG_TIMEOUT seconds.
    
    * Use support.sleeping_retry() and support.busy_retry() (#93848)
    
    * Replace time.sleep(0.010) with sleeping_retry() to
      use an exponential sleep.
    * support.wait_process(): reuse sleeping_retry().
    * _test_eintr: remove unused variables.
    
    * Update includes in call.c (GH-93786)
    
    * gh-93857: Fix broken audit-event targets in sqlite3 docs (#93859)
    
    Corrected targets for the following audit-events:
    
    - sqlite3.enable_load_extension => sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension
    - sqlite3.load_extension => sqlite3.Connection.load_extension
    
    * GH-93850: Fix test_asyncio exception ignored tracebacks (#93854)
    
    * gh-93824: Reenable installation of shell extension on Windows ARM64 (GH-93825)
    
    * test_asyncio: run_until() implements exponential sleep (#93866)
    
    run_until() of test.test_asyncio.utils now uses an exponential sleep
    delay (max: 1 second), rather than a fixed delay of 1 ms. Similar
    design than support.sleeping_retry() wait strategy that applies
    exponential backoff.
    
    * test_asyncore: Optimize capture_server() (#93867)
    
    Remove time.sleep(0.01) in test_asyncore capture_server(). The sleep
    was redundant and inefficient, since the loop starts with
    select.select() which also implements a sleep (poll for socket data
    with a timeout).
    
    * Tests call sleeping_retry() with SHORT_TIMEOUT (#93870)
    
    Tests now call busy_retry() and sleeping_retry() with SHORT_TIMEOUT
    or LONG_TIMEOUT (of test.support), rather than hardcoded constants.
    
    Add also WAIT_ACTIVE_CHILDREN_TIMEOUT constant to
    _test_multiprocessing.
    
    * gh-84461: Document how to install SDKs manually (GH-93844)
    
    Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>
    
    * gh-93820: Fix copy() regression in enum.Flag (GH-93876)
    
    
    
    GH-26658 introduced a regression in copy / pickle protocol for combined
    `enum.Flag`s. `copy.copy(re.A | re.I)` would fail with
    `AttributeError: ASCII|IGNORECASE`.
    
    `enum.Flag` now has a `__reduce_ex__()` method that reduces flags by
    combined value, not by combined name.
    
    * Call busy_retry() and sleeping_retry() with error=True (#93871)
    
    Tests no longer call busy_retry() and sleeping_retry() with
    error=False: raise an exception if the loop times out.
    
    * gh-87347: Add parenthesis around PyXXX_Check() arguments (#92815)
    
    * gh-91321: Fix test_cppext for C++03 (#93902)
    
    Don't build _testcppext.cpp with -Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant when
    testing C++03: only use this compiler flag with C++11.
    
    * gh-91577: SharedMemory move imports out of methods (#91579)
    
    SharedMemory.unlink() uses the unregister() function from resource_tracker. Previously it was imported in the method, but this can fail if the method is called during interpreter shutdown, for example when unlink is part of a __del__() method.
    
    Moving the import to the top of the file, means that the unregister() method is available during interpreter shutdown.
    
    The register call in SharedMemory.__init__() can also use this imported resource_tracker.
    
    * gh-92547: Amend What's New (#93872)
    
    * Fix BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM stats (GH-93903)
    
    * gh-93847: Fix repr of enum of generic aliases (GH-93885)
    
    * gh-93353: regrtest supports checking tmp files with -j2 (#93909)
    
    regrtest now also implements checking for leaked temporary files and
    directories when using -jN for N >= 2. Use tempfile.mkdtemp() to
    create the temporary directory. Skip this check on WASI.
    
    * GH-91389: Fix dis position information for CACHEs (GH-93663)
    
    * gh-91985: Ensure in-tree builds override platstdlib_dir in every path calculation (GH-93641)
    
    * GH-83658: make multiprocessing.Pool raise an exception if maxtasksperchild is not None or a positive int (GH-93364)
    
    
    
    Closes #83658.
    
    * test_logging: Fix BytesWarning in SysLogHandlerTest (GH-93920)
    
    * gh-91404: Revert "bpo-23689: re module, fix memory leak when a match is terminated by a signal or allocation failure (GH-32283) (#93882)
    
    Revert "bpo-23689: re module, fix memory leak when a match is terminated by a signal or memory allocation failure (GH-32283)"
    
    This reverts commit 6e3eee5.
    
    Manual fixups to increase the MAGIC number and to handle conflicts with
    a couple of changes that landed after that.
    
    Thanks for reviews by Ma Lin and Serhiy Storchaka.
    
    * gh-89745: Avoid exact match when comparing program_name in test_embed on Windows (GH-93888)
    
    * gh-93852: Add test.support.create_unix_domain_name() (#93914)
    
    test_asyncio, test_logging, test_socket and test_socketserver now
    create AF_UNIX domains in the current directory to no longer fail
    with OSError("AF_UNIX path too long") if the temporary directory (the
    TMPDIR environment variable) is too long.
    
    Modify the following tests to use create_unix_domain_name():
    
    * test_asyncio
    * test_logging
    * test_socket
    * test_socketserver
    
    test_asyncio.utils: remove unused time import.
    
    * gh-77782: Py_FdIsInteractive() now uses PyConfig.interactive (#93916)
    
    * gh-74953: Add _PyTime_FromMicrosecondsClamp() function (#93942)
    
    * gh-74953: Fix PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() code recomputing the timeout (#93941)
    
    Set timeout, don't create a local variable with the same name.
    
    * gh-77782: Deprecate global configuration variable (#93943)
    
    Deprecate global configuration variable like
    Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag: the Py_InitializeFromConfig() API should be
    instead.
    
    Fix declaration of Py_GETENV(): use PyAPI_FUNC(), not PyAPI_DATA().
    
    * gh-93911: Specialize `LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY` (GH-93912)
    
    * gh-92888: Fix memoryview bad `__index__` use after free (GH-92946)
    
    Co-authored-by: chilaxan <35645806+chilaxan@users.noreply.github.com>
    Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <3659035+serhiy-storchaka@users.noreply.github.com>
    
    * GH-89858: Fix test_embed for out-of-tree builds (GH-93465)
    
    * gh-92611: Add details on replacements for cgi utility funcs (GH-92792)
    
    
    
    Per @brettcannon 's [suggestions on the Discourse thread](https://discuss.python.org/t/pep-594-take-2-removing-dead-batteries-from-the-standard-library/13508/51), discussed in #92611 and as a followup to PR #92612 , this PR add additional specific per-function replacement information for the utility functions in the `cgi` module deprecated by PEP 594 (PEP-594).
    
    @brettcannon , should this be backported (without the `deprecated-removed` , which I would update it accordingly and re-add in my other PR adding that to the others for 3.11+), or just go in 3.11+?
    
    * GH-77403: Fix tests which fail when PYTHONUSERBASE is not normalized (GH-93917)
    
    * gh-91387: Strip trailing slash from tarfile longname directories (GH-32423)
    
    Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>
    
    * Add jaraco as primary owner of importlib.metadata and importlib.resources. (#93960)
    
    * Add jaraco as primary owner of importlib.metadata and importlib.resources.
    
    * Align indentation.
    
    Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
    
    Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
    
    * gh-84461: Fix circulare dependency on BUILDPYTHON (GH-93977)
    
    * gh-89828: Do not relay the __class__ attribute in GenericAlias (#93754)
    
    list[int].__class__ returned type, and isinstance(list[int], type)
    returned True. It caused numerous problems in code that checks
    isinstance(x, type).
    
    * gh-84461: Fix pydebug Emscripten browser builds (GH-93982)
    
    wasm_assets script did not take the ABIFLAG flag of sysconfigdata into
    account.
    
    * gh-93955: Use unbound methods for slot `__getattr__` and `__getattribute__` (GH-93956)
    
    * gh-91387: Fix tarfile test on WASI (GH-93984)
    
    WASI's rmdir() syscall does not like the trailing slash.
    
    * gh-93975: Nicer error reporting in test_venv (GH-93959)
    
    
    
    - gh-93957: Provide nicer error reporting from subprocesses in test_venv.EnsurePipTest.test_with_pip.
    - Update changelog
    
    This change does three things:
    
    1. Extract a function for trapping output in subprocesses.
    2. Emit both stdout and stderr when encountering an error.
    3. Apply the change to `ensurepip._uninstall` check.
    
    * GH-93990: fix refcounting bug in `add_subclass` in `typeobject.c` (GH-93989)
    
    * What's new in 3.10: fix link to issue (#93968)
    
    * What's new in 3.10: fix link to issue
    
    * What's new in 3.10: fix link to GH issue
    
    Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
    
    Co-authored-by: Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
    
    * gh-93761: Fix test_logging test_config_queue_handler() race condition (#93952)
    
    Fix a race condition in test_config_queue_handler() of test_logging.
    
    * gh-74953: Reformat PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() (#93947)
    
    Reformat the pthread implementation of PyThread_acquire_lock_timed()
    using a mutex and a conditioinal variable.
    
    * Add goto to avoid multiple indentation levels and exit quickly
    * Use "while(1)" and make the control flow more obvious.
    * PEP 7: Add braces around if blocks.
    
    * gh-93937, C API: Move PyFrame_GetBack() to Python.h (#93938)
    
    Move the follow functions and type from frameobject.h to pyframe.h,
    so the standard <Python.h> provide frame getter functions:
    
    * PyFrame_Check()
    * PyFrame_GetBack()
    * PyFrame_GetBuiltins()
    * PyFrame_GetGenerator()
    * PyFrame_GetGlobals()
    * PyFrame_GetLasti()
    * PyFrame_GetLocals()
    * PyFrame_Type
    
    Remove #include "frameobject.h" from many C files. It's no longer
    needed.
    
    * gh-93991: Use boolean instead of 0/1 for condition check (GH-93992)
    
    
    
    # gh-93991: Use boolean instead of 0/1 for condition check
    
    * gh-84461: Fix Emscripten umask and permission issues (GH-94002)
    
    - Emscripten's default umask is too strict, see
      emscripten-core/emscripten#17269
    - getuid/getgid and geteuid/getegid are stubs that always return 0
      (root). Disable effective uid/gid syscalls and fix tests that use
      chmod() current user.
    - Cannot drop X bit from directory.
    
    * gh-84461: Skip test_unwritable_directory again on Emscripten (GH-94007)
    
    GH-93992 removed geteuid() and enabled the test again on Emscripten.
    
    * gh-93925: Improve clarity of sqlite3 commit/rollback, and close docs (#93926)
    
    Co-authored-by: CAM Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
    
    * gh-61162: Clarify sqlite3 connection context manager docs (GH-93890)
    
    
    
    Explicitly note that transactions are only closed if there is an open
    transation at `__exit__`, and that transactions are not implicitly
    opened during `__enter__`.
    
    Co-authored-by: CAM Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
    Co-authored-by: Stanley <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>
    
    Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:erlend-aasland
    
    * gh-79009: sqlite3.iterdump now correctly handles tables with autoincrement (#9621)
    
    Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
    
    * gh-84461: Silence some compiler warnings on WASM (GH-93978)
    
    * GH-93897: Store frame size in code object and de-opt if insufficient space on thread frame stack. (GH-93908)
    
    * GH-93516: Speedup line number checks when tracing. (GH-93763)
    
    * Use a lookup table to reduce overhead of getting line numbers during tracing.
    
    * gh-90539: doc: Expand on what should not go into CFLAGS, LDFLAGS (#92754)
    
    * gh-87347: Add parenthesis around macro arguments (#93915)
    
    Add unit test on Py_MEMBER_SIZE() and some other macros.
    
    * gh-93937: PyOS_StdioReadline() uses PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio (#94024)
    
    On Windows, PyOS_StdioReadline() now gets
    PyConfig.legacy_windows_stdio from _PyOS_ReadlineTState, rather than
    using the deprecated global Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag variable.
    
    Fix also a compiler warning in Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding().
    
    * GH-93249: relax overly strict assertion on bounds->ar_start (GH-93961)
    
    * gh-94021: Address unreachable code warning in specialize code (GH-94022)
    
    * GH-93678: refactor compiler so that optimizer does not need the assembler and compiler structs (GH-93842)
    
    * gh-93839: Move Lib/ctypes/test/ to Lib/test/test_ctypes/ (#94041)
    
    * Move Lib/ctypes/test/ to Lib/test/test_ctypes/
    * Remove Lib/test/test_ctypes.py
    * Update imports and build system.
    
    * gh-93839: Move Lib/unttest/test/ to Lib/test/test_unittest/ (#94043)
    
    * Move Lib/unittest/test/ to Lib/test/test_unittest/
    * Remove Lib/test/test_unittest.py
    * Replace unittest.test with test.test_unittest
    * Remove unittest.load_tests()
    * Rewrite unittest __init__.py and __main__.py
    * Update build system, CODEOWNERS, and wasm_assets.py
    
    * GH-91432: Specialize FOR_ITER (GH-91713)
    
    * Adds FOR_ITER_LIST and FOR_ITER_RANGE specializations.
    
    * Adds _PyLong_AssignValue() internal function to avoid temporary boxing of ints.
    
    * gh-94028: Clear and reset sqlite3 statements properly in cursor iternext (GH-94042)
    
    * gh-94052: Don't re-run failed tests with --python option (#94054)
    
    * gh-93839: Use load_package_tests() for testmock (GH-94055)
    
    
    
    Fixes failing tests on WebAssembly platforms.
    
    Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:tiran
    
    * gh-54781: Move Lib/lib2to3/tests/ to Lib/test/test_lib2to3/ (#94049)
    
    * Move Lib/lib2to3/tests/ to Lib/test/test_lib2to3/.
    * Remove Lib/test/test_lib2to3.py.
    * Update imports.
    * all_project_files(): use different paths and sort files
      to make the tests more reproducible.
    * Update references to tests.
    
    * gh-74953: _PyThread_cond_after() uses _PyTime_t (#94056)
    
    pthread _PyThread_cond_after() implementation now uses the _PyTime_t
    type to handle properly overflow: clamp to the maximum value.
    
    Remove MICROSECONDS_TO_TIMESPEC() function.
    
    * GH-93841: Allow stats to be turned on and off, cleared and dumped at runtime. (GH-93843)
    
    * gh-86986: Drop compatibility support for Sphinx 2 (GH-93737)
    
    * Revert "bpo-42843: Keep Sphinx 1.8 and Sphinx 2 compatibility (GH-24282)"
    
    This reverts commit 5c1f15b
    
    * Revert "bpo-42579: Make workaround for various versions of Sphinx more robust (GH-23662)"
    
    This reverts commit b63a620.
    
    * gh-94068: Remove HVSOCKET_CONTAINER_PASSTHRU constant because it has been removed from Windows (GH-94069)
    
    
    
    Fixes #94068
    
    Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:zware
    
    * Closes gh-94038: Update Release Schedule in README.rst from PEP 664 to PEP 693 (GH-94046)
    
    * gh-93851: Fix all broken links in Doc/ (GH-93853)
    
    * gh-93675: Fix typos in `Doc/` (GH-93676)
    
    Closes #93675
    
    * Minor optimization for Fractions.limit_denominator (GH-93730)
    
    When we construct the upper and lower candidates in limit_denominator,
    the numerator and denominator are already relatively prime (and the
    denominator positive) by construction, so there's no need to go through
    the usual normalisation in the constructor. This saves a couple of
    potentially expensive gcd calls.
    
    Suggested by Michael Scott Asato Cuthbert in GH-93477.
    
    * gh-93240: clarify wording in IO tutorial (GH-93276)
    
    Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
    
    * Tutorial: specify match cases don't fall through (GH-93615)
    
    * gh-93021: Fix __text_signature__ for __get__ (GH-93023)
    
    Because of the way wrap_descr_get is written, the second argument
    to __get__ methods implemented through the wrapper is always
    optional.
    
    * gh-82927: Update files related to HTML entities. (GH-92504)
    
    * DOC: correct bytesarray -> bytearray in comments (GH-92410)
    
    * gh-87389: Fix an open redirection vulnerability in http.server. (#93879)
    
    Fix an open redirection vulnerability in the `http.server` module when
    an URI path starts with `//` that could produce a 301 Location header
    with a misleading target.  Vulnerability discovered, and logic fix
    proposed, by Hamza Avvan (@hamzaavvan).
    
    Test and comments authored by Gregory P. Smith [Google].
    
    * gh-89336: Remove configparser APIs that were deprecated for 3.12 (#92503)
    
    https://github.com/python/cpython/issue/89336: Remove configparser 3.12 deprecations.
    
    Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
    
    * bpo-30535: [doc] state that sys.meta_path is not empty by default (GH-94098)
    
    Co-authored-by: Windson yang <wiwindson@outlook.com>
    
    * gh-88123: Implement new Enum __contains__ (GH-93298)
    
    Co-authored-by: Ethan Furman <ethan@stoneleaf.us>
    
    * Stats: Add summary of top instructions for misses and deferred specialization. (GH-94072)
    
    * gh-74696: Do not change the current working directory in shutil.make_archive() if possible (GH-93160)
    
    It is no longer changed when create a zip or tar archive.
    
    It is still changed for custom archivers registered with shutil.register_archive_format()
    if root_dir is not None.
    
    Co-authored-by: Éric <merwok@netwok.org>
    Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
    
    * gh-94101 Disallow instantiation of SSLSession objects (GH-94102)
    
    
    
    Fixes #94101
    
    Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:tiran
    
    * Fix typo in _io.TextIOWrapper Clinic input (#94037)
    
    Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>
    
    * gh-93951: In test_bdb.StateTestCase.test_skip, avoid including auxiliary importers. (GH-93962)
    
    Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>
    
    * gh-91172: Create a workflow for verifying bundled pip and setuptools (GH-31885)
    
    Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
    Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
    
    * gh-94114: Remove obsolete reference to python.org mirrors (GH-94115)
    
    
    
    * gh-94114
    
    * gh-84623: Remove unused imports (#94132)
    
    * gh-54781: Move Lib/tkinter/test/test_ttk/ to Lib/test/test_ttk/ (#94070)
    
    * Move Lib/tkinter/test/test_tkinter/ to Lib/test/test_tkinter/.
    * Move Lib/tkinter/test/test_ttk/ to Lib/test/test_ttk/.
    * Add Lib/test/test_ttk/__init__.py based on test_ttk_guionly.py.
    * Add Lib/test/test_tkinter/__init__.py
    * Remove old Lib/test/test_tk.py.
    * Remove old Lib/test/test_ttk_guionly.py.
    * Add __main__ sub-modules.
    * Update imports and update references to rename files.
    
    * gh-84623: Move imports in doctests (#94133)
    
    Move imports in doctests to prevent false alarms in pyflakes.
    
    * Add ABI dump Makefile target (#94136)
    
    * gh-84623: Remove unused imports in idlelib (#94143)
    
    Remove commented code in test_debugger_r.py.
    
    Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>
    
    * gh-85308: argparse: Use filesystem encoding for arguments file (GH-93277)
    
    * Closes gh-94152: Update pyvideo.org URL (GH-94075)
    
    The URL is now https://pyvideo.org, which uses HTTPS and avoids a redirect.
    
    * gh-91456: [Enum] Deprecate default auto() behavior with mixed value types (GH-91457)
    
    When used with plain Enum, auto() returns the last numeric value assigned, skipping any incompatible member values (such as strings); starting in 3.13 the default auto() for plain Enums will require all the values to be of compatible types, and will return a new value that is 1 higher than any existing value.
    
    Co-authored-by: Ethan Furman <ethan@stoneleaf.us>
    
    * gh-84461: Fix test_sqlite for Emscripten/WASI (#94125)
    
    * gh-86404: [doc] Fix missing backtick and double target name. (#94120)
    
    * gh-89121: Keep the number of pending SQLite statements to a minimum (#30379)
    
    Make sure statements that have run to completion or errored are
    reset and cleared off the cursor for all paths in execute() and
    executemany().
    
    * GH-91742: Fix pdb crash after jump  (GH-94171)
    
    * [Enum] fix typo (GH-94158)
    
    * gh-92858: Improve error message for some suites with syntax error before ':' (#92894)
    
    * gh-93771: Clarify how deepfreeze.py is run (#94150)
    
    * gh-91219: Add an index_pages default list and parameter to SimpleHTTPRequestHandler (GH-31985)
    
    * Add an index_pages default list to SimpleHTTPRequestHandler and an
    optional constructor parameter that allows the default indexes pages
    list to be overridden.  This makes it easy to set a new index page name
    without having to override send_head.
    
    * [Enum] Remove automatic docstring generation (GH-94188)
    
    * Add ABI dump script (#94135)
    
    * Add more tests for throwing into yield from (GH-94097)
    
    * gh-94169: Remove deprecated io.OpenWrapper (#94170)
    
    Remove io.OpenWrapper and _pyio.OpenWrapper, deprecated in Python
    3.10: just use :func:`open` instead. The open() (io.open()) function
    is a built-in function. Since Python 3.10, _pyio.open() is also a
    static method.
    
    * gh-94199: Remove ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes() function (#94202)
    
    Remove the ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes() function, deprecated in Python
    3.6: use os.urandom() or ssl.RAND_bytes() instead.
    
    * gh-94196: Remove gzip.GzipFile.filename attribute (#94197)
    
    gzip: Remove the filename attribute of gzip.GzipFile,
    deprecated since Python 2.6, use the name attribute instead. In write
    mode, the filename attribute added '.gz' file extension if it was not
    present.
    
    * gh-93692: remove "build finished successfully" message from setup.py (#93693)
    
    The message was only emitted when the build succeeded _and_ there were
    missing modules.
    
    * gh-84461: Fix ctypes and test_ctypes on Emscripten (#94142)
    
    - c_longlong and c_longdouble need experimental WASM bigint.
    - Skip tests that need threading
    - Define ``CTYPES_MAX_ARGCOUNT`` for Emscripten. libffi-emscripten 2022-06-23 supports up to 1000 args.
    
    * gh-94205: Ensures all required DLLs are copied on Windows for underpth tests (GH-94206)
    
    * gh-84461: Build Emscripten with WASM BigInt support (#94219)
    
    * gh-94172: urllib.request avoids deprecated check_hostname (#94193)
    
    The urllib.request no longer uses the deprecated check_hostname
    parameter of the http.client module.
    
    Add private http.client._create_https_context() helper to http.client,
    used by urllib.request.
    
    Remove the now redundant check on check_hostname and verify_mode in
    http.client: the SSLContext.check_hostname setter already implements
    the check.
    
    * IDLE: replace if statement with expression (#94228)
    
    * Docs: Remove `Provides [...]` from `multiprocessing.shared_memory` description (#92761)
    
    * gh-93382: Sync up `co_code` changes with 3.11 (GH-94227)
    
    Sync up co_code changes with 3.11 commit 852b4d4.
    
    * gh-94217: Skip import tests when _testcapi is a builtin (GH-94218)
    
    * gh-85308: Add argparse tests for reading non-ASCII arguments from file (GH-94160)
    
    * bpo-46642: Explicitly disallow subclassing of instaces of TypeVar, ParamSpec, etc (GH-31148)
    
    The existing test covering this case passed only incidentally. We
    explicitly disallow doing this and add a proper error message.
    
    Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
    
    * bpo-26253: Add compressionlevel to tarfile stream (GH-2962)
    
    `tarfile` already accepts a compressionlevel argument for creating
    files. This patch adds the same for stream-based tarfile usage.
    The default is 9, the value that was previously hard-coded.
    
    * gh-70441: Fix test_tarfile on systems w/o bz2 (gh-2962) (#94258)
    
    * gh-94199: Remove ssl.match_hostname() function (#94224)
    
    * gh-94207: Fix struct module leak (GH-94239)
    
    Make _struct.Struct a GC type
    
    This fixes a memory leak in the _struct module, where as soon
    as a Struct object is stored in the cache, there's a cycle from
    the _struct module to the cache to Struct objects to the Struct
    type back to the module. If _struct.Struct is not gc-tracked, that
    cycle is never collected.
    
    This PR makes _struct.Struct GC-tracked, and adds a regression test.
    
    * gh-94245: Test pickling and copying of typing.Tuple[()] (GH-94259)
    
    * gh-77560: Report possible errors in restoring builtins at finalization (GH-94255)
    
    Seems in the past the copy of builtins was not made in some scenarios,
    and the error was silenced. Write it now to stderr, so we have a chance
    to see it.
    
    * gh-90016: Reword sqlite3 adapter/converter docs (#93095)
    
    Also add adapters and converter recipes.
    
    Co-authored-by: CAM Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
    Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com
    
    * bpo-39971: Change examples to be runnable (GH-32172)
    
    * gh-70474: [doc] fix wording of GET_ANEXT doc (GH-94048)
    
    * gh-93259: Validate arg to ``Distribution.from_name``. (GH-94270)
    
    Syncs with importlib_metadata 4.12.0.
    
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    Co-authored-by: Ulises Ojeda <ulises.odysseus22@gmail.com>
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    3.11 only security fixes interpreter-core (Objects, Python, Grammar, and Parser dirs) topic-C-API type-crash A hard crash of the interpreter, possibly with a core dump
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