sqlite3/doc: Use `:ref:sqlite3-types` instead of spelling the types every time

[erlend-aasland]

[erlend-aasland]

Resolved in:

• main: gh-94622: Add more references to the sqlite3 types anchor #94623
• 3.11: [3.11] gh-94622: Add more references to the sqlite3 types anchor (GH-94623) #94678
• 3.10: [3.10] gh-94622: Add more references to the sqlite3 types anchor (GH-94623) #94679