This link doesn't work.

Going back through that UAX's history to find the version that was
current when this code was added in commit 7a0fedf in 2009-04,
we find that that anchor still works in that version:
  https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-29.html#Annex8

It's a section heading "14. Detecting Normalization Forms".  Happily
the anchor that the corresponding section heading now offers looks
much more reasonable -- it's the title of the section -- and so likely
to be long-term stable.  ("Annex 8" seems like some kind of editing
error.)  Switch to that.

The purpose of the `unicodedata.is_normalized` function is to answer
the question `str == unicodedata.normalized(form, str)` more
efficiently than writing just that, by using the "quick check"
optimization described in the Unicode standard in UAX python#15.

However, it turns out the code doesn't implement the full algorithm
from the standard, and as a result we often miss the optimization and
end up having to compute the whole normalized string after all.

Implement the standard's algorithm.  This greatly speeds up
`unicodedata.is_normalized` in many cases where our partial variant
of quick-check had been returning MAYBE and the standard algorithm
returns NO.

At a quick test on my desktop, the existing code takes about 4.4 ms/MB
(so 4.4 ns per byte) when the partial quick-check returns MAYBE and it
has to do the slow normalize-and-compare:

  $ build.base/python -m timeit -s 'import unicodedata; s = "\uf900"*500000' \
      -- 'unicodedata.is_normalized("NFD", s)'
  50 loops, best of 5: 4.39 msec per loop

With this patch, it gets the answer instantly (58 ns) on the same 1 MB
string:

  $ build.dev/python -m timeit -s 'import unicodedata; s = "\uf900"*500000' \
      -- 'unicodedata.is_normalized("NFD", s)'
  5000000 loops, best of 5: 58.2 nsec per loop

This restores a small optimization that the original version of this
code had for the `unicodedata.normalize` use case.

With this, that case is actually faster than in master!

$ build.base/python -m timeit -s 'import unicodedata; s = "\u0338"*500000' \
    -- 'unicodedata.normalize("NFD", s)'
500 loops, best of 5: 561 usec per loop

$ build.dev/python -m timeit -s 'import unicodedata; s = "\u0338"*500000' \
    -- 'unicodedata.normalize("NFD", s)'
500 loops, best of 5: 512 usec per loop