gh-91731: Replace Py_BUILD_ASSERT() with static_assert()

[vstinner]

Python 3.11 now uses C11 standard which adds static_assert()
to <assert.h>.

• In pytime.c, replace Py_BUILD_ASSERT() with preprocessor checks on
  SIZEOF_TIME_T with #error.
• On macOS, py_mach_timebase_info() now accepts timebase members with
  the same size than _PyTime_t.
• py_get_monotonic_clock() now saturates GetTickCount64() to
  _PyTime_MAX: GetTickCount64() is unsigned, whereas _PyTime_t is
  signed.

[vstinner]

Failure on macOS:

gcc -c (...) -std=c99 (...) -o Objects/longobject.o Objects/longobject.c
(...)
Objects/longobject.c:5653:5: error: implicit declaration of function 'static_assert' is invalid in C99 [-Werror,-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
    static_assert(PyLong_SHIFT <= 32, "digit is larger than uint32_t");

Oh, Python is still built with -std=c99, whereas we switched to C11 in PEP 7.

[vstinner]

I will first merge #91733 which replaces -std=c99 with -std=c11.

[bedevere-bot]

🤖 New build scheduled with the buildbot fleet by @vstinner for commit 2a32c43 🤖

If you want to schedule another build, you need to add the ":hammer: test-with-buildbots" label again.

[vstinner]

I scheduled buildbot jobs to check how it goes on other platforms/C compilers.

[vstinner]

buildbot/AMD64 Fedora Stable Refleaks PR — Build done.

This is unrelated to my PR. The leak is known in the main branch.

[vstinner]

Python was built successfully on various versions of Windows, macOS, Ubuntu and FreeBSD on various architectures. I confirm that it confirms that C11 is now well supported. If a platform doesn't support C11, it can reimplement static_assert() with Py_BUILD_ASSERT() or get a C11 compiler :-) I merge my PR.

[vstinner]

This is unrelated to my PR. The leak is known in the main branch.

See #91757