Fix performance in union subtyping (#15104)

This is a performance optimisation for subtyping between two unions that
are largely the same.

Fixes #14034

This makes @adriangb's example in
#14034 (comment)
finish basically instantly. I could add it as a unit test?

Type checking pydantic core is still not fast — takes like four or five
minutes with uncompiled mypy — but at least it's now feasible. I think
there's room for doing some optimisation in make_simplified_union that
would improve this.

mypy/subtypes.py

@@ -917,13 +917,9 @@ def visit_union_type(self, left: UnionType) -> bool:
 
  for item in _flattened(self.right.relevant_items()):
  p_item = get_proper_type(item)
- if isinstance(p_item, LiteralType):
- fast_check.add(p_item)
- elif isinstance(p_item, Instance):
- if p_item.last_known_value is None:
- fast_check.add(p_item)
- else:
- fast_check.add(p_item.last_known_value)
+ fast_check.add(p_item)
+ if isinstance(p_item, Instance) and p_item.last_known_value is not None:
+ fast_check.add(p_item.last_known_value)
 
  for item in left.relevant_items():
  p_item = get_proper_type(item)