According to section 2.3.2 in the RP2040 Datasheet:
a lower-priority interrupt can be preempted by a higher-priority interrupt
for interrupts with the same dynamic priority level, the lower-numbered IRQ has higher priority
During testing I have not been able to have the TIMER_IRQ_1 preempted by TIMER_IRQ_0 (without setting the dynamic level). When setting the dynamic level of TIMER_IRQ_1 to 3, it does get interrupted by TIMER_IRQ_0, but according to the cited documentation that should not be necessary.