Rust uint crate using const-generics

Implements [Uint<BITS, LIMBS>], the ring of numbers modulo $2^{\mathsf{BITS}}$. It requires two generic arguments: the number of bits and the number of 64-bit 'limbs' required to store those bits.

# use ruint::Uint;
let answer: Uint<256, 4> = Uint::from(42);

You can compute LIMBS yourself using $\mathsf{LIMBS} = \left\lceil{\mathsf{BITS} / 64}\right\rceil$, i.e.LIMBS equals BITS divided by $64$ rounded up. [Uint] will panic! if you try to construct it with incorrect arguments. Ideally this would be a compile time error, but that is blocked by Rust issue #60551.

A more convenient method on stable is to use the [uint!] macro, which constructs the right [Uint] for you.

# use ruint::{Uint, uint};
let answer = uint!(42_U256);

You can also use one of the pre-computed type [aliases]:

# use ruint::Uint;
use ruint::aliases::*;

let answer: U256 = Uint::from(42);

You can of course also create your own type alias if you need a funny size:

# use ruint::Uint;
type U1337 = Uint<1337, 21>;

let answer: U1337 = Uint::from(42);

Rust nightly

If you are on nightly, you can use [Uint<BITS>][nightly::Uint] which will compute the number of limbs for you. Unfortunately this can not be made stable without generic_const_exprs support (Rust issue #76560).

# #[cfg(feature = "generic_const_exprs")] {
use ruint::nightly::Uint;

let answer: Uint<256> = Uint::<256>::from(42);
# }

Even on nightly, the ergonomics of Rust are limited. In the example above Rust requires explicit type annotation for [Uint::from], where it did not require it in the stable version. There are a few more subtle issues that make this less ideal than it appears. It also looks like it may take some time before these nightly features are stabilized.

Examples

use ruint::Uint;

let a: Uint<256, 4> = Uint::from(0xf00f_u64);
let b: Uint<256, 4> = Uint::from(42_u64);
let c  = a + b;
assert_eq!(c, Uint::from(0xf039_u64));

There is a convenient macro [uint!] to create constants for you. It allows for arbitrary length constants using standard Rust integer syntax. The size of the [Uint] or [Bits] is specified with a U or B suffix followed by the number of bits. The standard Rust syntax of decimal, hexadecimal and even binary and octal is supported using their prefixes 0x, 0b and 0o. Literals can have underscores _ added for readability.

# use ruint::uint;
let cow = uint!(0xc85ef7d79691fe79573b1a7064c19c1a9819ebdbd1faaab1a8ec92344438aaf4_U256);

In fact, this macro recurses down the parse tree, so you can apply it to entire source files:

# use ruint::uint;
uint!{

let a = 42_U256;
let b = 0xf00f_1337_c0d3_U256;
let c = a + b;
assert_eq!(c, 263947537596669_U256);

}

Note that since B is a valid hexadecimal digit there can be ambiguity. To lessen the impact an underscore separator _B is required in this case.

Supported Rust Versions

Uint will keep a rolling MSRV (minimum supported rust version) policy of at least 6 months. When increasing the MSRV, the new Rust version must have been released at least six months ago. The current MSRV is 1.65.0.

Note that the MSRV is not increased automatically, and only as part of a minor release.

Feature flags

There is support for a number of crates. These are enabled by setting the identically named feature flag.

• unstable Enable sem-ver unstable features.
• rand: Implements sampling from the Standard distribution, i.e. rng.gen().
• arbitrary: Implements the Arbitrary trait, allowing [Uint]s to be generated for fuzz testing.
• quickcheck: Implements the Arbitrary trait, allowing [Uint]s to be generated for property based testing.
• proptest: Implements the Arbitrary trait, allowing [Uint]s to be generated for property based testing. Proptest is used for the uints own test suite.
• serde: Implements the Serialize and Deserialize traits for [Uint] and [Bits].Serialization uses big-endian hex in human readable formats and big-endian byte strings in machine readable formats. [Uint] uses ethereum Quantity format (0x-prefixed minimal string) when serializing in a human readable format.
• rlp: Implements the Encodable and Decodable traits for [Uint] to allow serialization to/from RLP.
• fastrlp: Implements the Encodable and Decodable traits for [Uint] to allow serialization to/from RLP.
• primitive-types: Implements the [From<_>] conversions between corresponding types.
• postgres: Implements the ToSql trait supporting many column types.
• num-bigint: Implements conversion to/from BigUint and BigInt.
• ark-ff: Implements conversion to/from the BigInteger* types and the Fp* types from ark-ff@0.3.
• ark-ff-04: Implements conversion to/from BigInt and Fp types from ark-ff@0.4.
• sqlx: Implements database agnostic storage as byte array. Requires sqlx to be used with the tokio-native-tls runtime, due to issue sqlx#1627.
• zeroize: Implements the Zeroize trait. This makes [Uint] and [Bits] compatible with the secrecy crate.
• valuable: Implements the Valuable trait.
• pyo3: Implements the ToPyObject, IntoPy and FromPyObject traits.
• parity-scale-codec: Implements the Encode, Decode, MaxEncodedLen and HasCompact traits.
• bn-rs: Implements conversion to/from the BN and BigNumber.
• bytemuck: Implements the Pod and Zeroable traits for [Uint] where the size is a multiple of 64, up to 1024. This allows Uint to be used where a Pod trait bound exists.
• num-traits: Implements about forty applicable traits.
• subtle: Implements [Uint::bit_ct], ConditionallySelectable,ConditionallyNegatable, ConstantTimeEq/ConstantTimeGreater/ConstantTimeLess.
• der: Implements Encode/Decode and [TryFrom]/[From] casting for Any, AnyRef, Int, IntRef, Uint, UintRef.
• diesel: Implements the ToSql and FromSql traits for storing Uint values as byte arrays in databases supported by Diesel.

Building and testing

Format, lint, build and test everything (I recommend creating a shell alias for this):

cargo fmt &&\
cargo clippy --all-features --all-targets &&\
cargo test --workspace --all-features --doc -- --nocapture &&\
cargo test --workspace --all-features --all-targets -- --nocapture &&\
cargo doc --workspace --all-features --no-deps

Run benchmarks with the provided .cargo/config.toml alias

cargo criterion

Check documentation coverage

RUSTDOCFLAGS="-Z unstable-options --show-coverage"  cargo doc --workspace --all-features --no-deps

Features

• All the quality of life features one could want.
• Compatible with std u64, etc types. See Rust's integer methods.
• Adhere to Rust API Guidelines
• Montgomery REDC and other algo's for implementing prime fields.

To do

• Builds no-std and wasm.
• Fast platform agnostic generic algorithms.
• Target specific assembly optimizations (where available).
• Optional num-traits, etc, support.
• Run-time sized type with compatible interface.

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