Refactor async client connection-handling

[abrookins]

Refactor interfaces related to the Redis client in AsyncRedisIndex (and possibly others).

Constraints

• We want to initialize the Redis connection lazily, not at object instantiation or module import.
• Python doesn't have async properties, so properties are limited to sync function calls
  • Therefore, we don't want properties to be part of the interface
• For functions we "remove," we'll leave them in place with a deprecation warning
  • Remaining backwards-compatible until the next major release

The Design Today

• Can create a client and set it using index.connect()
  • Pass in a redis_url
  • Calls index.set_client()
• Can pass in a client and set it with index.set_client()
  • Pass in a client instance
• Can't pass in a client instance with __init__()
  • Or anything URL, etc.
• Can create a client with index.from_existing()
  • Pass it a redis_url
  • Calls index.set_client()
• Can't use index as an async context manager
  • Requires explicit resource handling, atexit handler
  • But this is broken
• The setup_async_redis() decorator creates a function wrapper that calls validate_async_redis() with every set_client() call
• The RedisConnectionFactory.connect() returns incompatible types (sync, async Redis)
  • Sync vs. async depends on a parameter

The Design After Refactor

• Can use as an async context manager
  • Either disconnect the index manually with disconnect() or use it as a context manager
  • async with Index()... will disconnect() after you exit the context block
• Lazily instantiate client with self._get_client() method ("private")
• Remove set_client() public interface if possible
  • Lazily instantiate client
• Remove connect() public interface if possible
  • Lazily instantiate client
• Leave from_existing()
• Leave client() property, now just returns ._redis_client and can be None
• Call validate_async_redis() when setting a new client instance for the first time
  • But make this an internal check rather than attached to public interface
• Allow redis_url, redis_kwargs, or redis_client in __init__()

Examples Post-Refactor

#1: New instance with redis URL
index = AsyncRedisIndex(redis_url="...")
#2: New instance with existing client
index = AsyncRedisIndex(redis_client=client)
#3: New instance with `from_existing`
index = AsyncRedisIndex.from_existing(..., redis_url="...")

#4 Passing both a client and a URL is isallowed
try:
    index = AsyncRedisIndex(redis_client=client, redis_url="...")
except:
    pass
else:
    raise RuntimeError("Should have raised!")

# The client is lazily connected here, and we send telemetry.
await index.something_using_redis()
await index.something_else_using_redis()
# Close the client.
await index.close()

async with AsyncRedisIndex(redis_url="...") as index:
    # Same story: client is lazily created now
    await index.something_using_redis()
    await index.something_else_using_redis()
    # Client is automatically closed

# __enter__ is reentrant
async with index:
    # Lazily opens a new client connection.
    await index.a_third_thing_using_redis()
    # Client is automatically closed

[tylerhutcherson]

Huge effort; great work! Left a few comments, but once addressed merge away

[tylerhutcherson]

Ahh one more thing, we need to make sure to update the README

[abrookins]

Thanks, @tylerhutcherson! I saw a typo in a comment, too. I'll get those changes in and send it back to you this morning.