Mod Creation_C# Programming_Networking_UNet

UNet

A detailed tutorial on how to use the UNetWeaver Utility for networking properly your mods.

UNetWeaver

What is this?

UNetWeaver is a patcher by the Unity code repository itself that injects code in any NetworkBehaviour components to ensure proper serialization and deserialization. Without it such components would fail to communicate across the server. This allows you to use the usual networking stuff used by Unity users outside the Unity Editor, such as this class.

Why use UNetWeaver over alternatives:

No user-side dependencies. This means that users only have to install one file (your dll).
Native Unity tags, simply using UnityEngine.Networking; will get you everything you need.

Networking crash course

Communication

The server is generally the authoritative figure for spawning objects, as well as sending messages to the clients and syncing variables. As such, when a client finds themselves in a position of having to execute some code that is only suitable from the server, they need to let the server know accordingly. There are mainly two ways of achieving this:

Using the CommandAttribute to invoke a method on the server
Triggering a console command on the server (Risk of Rain 2 native mechanism, internally uses the CommandAttribute)

Once the server has received the appropriate signal, they can either execute the code on their machine or pass along a message to any other concerned clients. This can be achieved by using:

TargetRpcAttribute to invoke a method on a certain client's machine
ClientRpcAttribute to invoke a method on all clients

These attribute should be applied on non-static methods. Furthermore:

CommandAttribute methods must start with the Cmd prefix
TargetRpcAttribute methods must start with the Target prefix
ClientRpcAttribute methods must start with the Rpc prefix

Serializable types

Any methods associated with the aforementioned attributes can contain only certain types of arguments which can be serialized across the network.

Basic type (byte, int, float, string, UInt64, etc)
Built-in Unity math type (Vector3, Quaternion, etc),
Arrays of basic types
Structs containing allowable types
NetworkIdentity
NetworkInstanceId
NetworkHash128
GameObject with a NetworkIdentity component attached.

Example

The simplest example of networking is to simply send a message to the console of all users.

Implementation with a console command

using BepInEx;
using R2API;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Networking;

// Necessary so concommands can be registered.
[assembly: HG.Reflection.SearchableAttribute.OptIn]

[BepInPlugin("com.networktest","ifISeethisInTechSupportIwillBerateYou","0.0.1")]
// PrefabAPI is needed for the InstantiateClone Method contained within.
[BepInDependency(PrefabAPI.PluginGUID)]
class MyPluginClass : BaseUnityPlugin
{
    // Static references so we do not need to do tricky things with passing references.
    internal static GameObject CentralNetworkObject;
    private static GameObject _centralNetworkObjectSpawned;

    private void Awake()
    {
        // We create an empty gameobject to hold all our networked components. The name of this GameObject is largely irrelevant.
        var tmpGo = new GameObject("tmpGo");
        // Add the networkidentity so that Unity knows which Object it's going to be networking all about.
        tmpGo.AddComponent<NetworkIdentity>();
        // Thirdly, we use InstantiateClone from the PrefabAPI to make sure we have full control over our GameObject.
        CentralNetworkObject = tmpGo.InstantiateClone("somethingUnique");
        // Delete the now useless temporary GameObject
        GameObject.Destroy(tmpGo);
        // Finally, we add a specific component that we want networked. In this example, we will only be adding one, but you can add as many components here as you like. Make sure these components inherit from NetworkBehaviour.
        CentralNetworkObject.AddComponent<MyNetworkComponent>();
    }

    // ExecuteOnServer as a concommand flag makes sure it's always exectuted on the... you guessed it, server.
    [ConCommand(commandName = "debuglog_on_all", flags = ConVarFlags.ExecuteOnServer, helpText = "Logs a network message to all connected people.")]
    private static void CCNetworkLog(ConCommandArgs args)
    {
        // Although here it's not relevant, you can ensure you are the server by checking if the NetworkServer is active.
        if (NetworkServer.active)
        {
            // Before we can Invoke our NetworkMessage, we need to make sure our centralized networkobject is spawned.
            // For doing that, we Instantiate the CentralNetworkObject, we obviously check
            // if we don't already have one that is already instantiated and activated in the current scene.
            // Note : Make sure you Instantiate the gameobject, and not spawn it directly,
            // it would get deleted otherwise on scene change, even with DontDestroyOnLoad.
            if (!_centralNetworkObjectSpawned)
            {
                _centralNetworkObjectSpawned = Object.Instantiate(CentralNetworkObject);
                NetworkServer.Spawn(_centralNetworkObjectSpawned);
            }
            // This readOnlyInstancesList is great for going over all players in general, 
            // so it might be worth commiting to memory.
            foreach (NetworkUser user in NetworkUser.readOnlyInstancesList)
            {
                // `args.userArgs` is a list of all words in the command arguments.
                MyNetworkComponent.Invoke(user, string.Join(" ", args.userArgs));
            }
        }
    }
}

// Important to note that these NetworkBehaviour classes must not be nested for UNetWeaver to find them.
internal class MyNetworkComponent : NetworkBehaviour
{
    // We only ever have one instance of the networked behaviour here.
    private static MyNetworkComponent _instance;
    
    private void Awake()
    {
        _instance = this;
    }
    public static void Invoke(NetworkUser user, string msg)
    {
        _instance.TargetLog(user.connectionToClient, msg);
    }

    [TargetRpc]
    private void TargetLog(NetworkConnection target, string msg)
    {
        Debug.Log(msg);
    }
}

When you build this example (and patch it with the Weaver), you'll end up with a BepInEx plugin that adds the debuglog_on_all command to the console. When you call it, everything after the command will get sent to each connected player's console, provided they have this plugin installed to receive the networked component. Notably, this only works if the Host has this plugin installed, and any client wishing to issue this command or see this command too. Otherwise their console won't know what to do with the string debuglog_on_all, or how to deal with the weird network message that tries to spawn an unknown object.

In order to send this command dynamically with code, use Console.instance.SubmitCmd(NetworkUser.readOnlyLocalPlayersList[0], "debuglog_on_all Test message", false);

Implementation with CommandAttribute

using BepInEx;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.AddressableAssets;
using UnityEngine.Networking;
using UnityEngine.ResourceManagement.AsyncOperations;

[BepInPlugin("com.networktest","ifISeethisInTechSupportIwillBerateYou","0.0.1")]
class MyPluginClass : BaseUnityPlugin
{
    private void Awake()
    {
        // In order for the CommandAttribute to work, we must execute it from a player game object
        // e.g. associated with a NetworkConnection, such as PlayerMaster.
        Addressables.LoadAssetAsync<GameObject>("RoR2/Base/Core/PlayerMaster.prefab").Completed += delegate (AsyncOperationHandle<GameObject> obj)
        {
            if (obj.Result)
            {
                obj.Result.AddComponent<MyNetworkComponent>();
            }
        };
    }

    private void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.J))
        {
            var localUser = LocalUserManager.GetFirstLocalUser();
            if (localUser != null && localUser.cachedMaster != null)
            {
                localUser.cachedMaster.GetComponent<MyNetworkComponent>().LogMessage("Test message");
            }
        }
    }
}

// Important to note that these NetworkBehaviour classes must not be nested for UNetWeaver to find them.
internal class MyNetworkComponent : NetworkBehaviour
{
    public void LogMessage(string msg)
    {
        if (NetworkServer.active)
        {
            // If we are on the server, job done - just send the message to everyone
            RpcLogMessage(msg);
        }
        else
        {
            // Else tell the server to handle the message
            CmdLogMessage(msg);
        }
    }

    [Command]
    private void CmdLogMessage(string msg)
    {
        // The client tells the server to execute this
        RpcLogMessage(msg);
    }

    [ClientRpc]
    private void RpcLogMessage(string msg)
    {
        // The server tells everyone to execute this
        LogMessageInternal(msg);
    }

    private void LogMessageInternal(string msg)
    {
        // This is executed on everyone's machine
        Debug.Log(msg);
    }
}

How to patch

As a Patcher

Download the archive that contains the BepinEx Patcher UNet Weaver.
Extract it in your Risk of Rain 2\BepInEx\patchers folder.
If everything went correctly, your assembly will be patched when loading the game.
This automates the need of pointing the weaver towards the right libs, as they will all be loaded by BepInEx already.
Note that this is run once on your (the developer's) computer. After this you will have a patched plugin that you can distribute without the patcher.
Yes, this is essentially using Risk of Rain 2 as a plugin builder.

As a PostBuild-Event

Download the archive that contains the UnetWeaver executable.
You can set it up how you want, but for now we'll assume that you extracted it in a folder called NetworkWeaver in your project root and your libraries are there too in a libs folder.

In your project's properties, create the following postbuild event

REM TEXT is a comment. Batch is not the best for comments, but it'll keep it copypastable.
The wiki also has the Build Events page for more information on these.

REM First we copy the from the output folder to the NetworkWeaver folder.
REM We store the output from robocopy in a file called robocopy which we'll delete at the end of the file.
robocopy $(TargetDir) $(ProjectDir)\NetworkWeaver $(TargetFileName) > $(TargetDir)Robocopy
REM Then we navigate our script to the NetworkWeaver folder to make the follow up line less verbose.
cd $(ProjectDir)\NetworkWeaver
REM Unity.UNetWeaver.exe {path to Coremodule} {Path to Networking} {Path to output folder} {Path to the dll you want patched} {Path to all needed references for the to-be-patched dll}
Unity.UNetWeaver.exe "..\libs\UnityEngine.CoreModule.dll" "..\libs\com.unity.multiplayer-hlapi.Runtime.dll" "Patched/"  $(TargetFileName) "$(ProjectDir)\libs"
REM We store the prepatched dll disabled as a .prepatch so that you can check it if you want, but first we need to make sure that file doesn't exist already.
IF EXIST $(TargetFileName).prepatch (
DEL /F $(TargetFileName).prepatch
)
REM Then we rename the prepatched file to bla.dll.prepatch
ren $(TargetFileName) $(TargetFileName).prepatch
REM move our script to the Patched Folder
cd Patched
REM move from the current directory (.) to the projectDirectory and store the output once more to the Robocopy file.
robocopy . $(ProjectDir)  $(TargetFileName) > $(TargetDir)Robocopy
REM Remove the patched file from the Patched folder, because the Weaver won't run if the file already exists.
del  $(TargetFileName)
REM Delete the holder for all robocopy output.
del $(TargetDir)Robocopy

If everything went correctly, your patched plugin.dll will be in your project root whenever you build. (So next to your .csproj file.)

If you feel like it, you can see what the Weaver changed in your assembly by opening it with dnSpy and looking at the networking classes you had. New generated methods and fields should be in them.

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