Bump C++ version used in embot to C++17

[traversaro]

#97 added a nested namespace (https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/namespace) to embot headers, that is a feature available only in C++17 . Recent versions of gcc and clang default to use C++17 so this is not a problem, while trying to compile the file in Visual Studio results in an error:

2024-10-01T03:15:18.9723412Z D:\a\robotology-superbuild\robotology-superbuild\src\icub_firmware_shared\embot\core\embot_core_binary.h(288,11): error C2429: language feature 'nested-namespace-definition' requires compiler flag '/std:c++17' [D:\a\robotology-superbuild\robotology-superbuild\b\src\icub_firmware_shared\embot\embot.vcxproj] [D:\a\robotology-superbuild\robotology-superbuild\b\icub_firmware_shared.vcxproj]

see https://github.com/robotology/robotology-superbuild/actions/runs/11117493180/job/30889518253 .

This PR fixes the compilation error by bumping the C++ standard version used from C++14 to C++17 .

[traversaro]

Apparently the CI in https://github.com/robotology/icub-firmware-shared/actions/workflows/ci.yml was disabled, I just re-enabled it.

[traversaro]

fyi @marcoaccame