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Unify the style (#2533)
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* Unify the style

* Change to GNU/Linux

* update

* Change the wording to be more rigorous

* Final modified version
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@jimcat8
jimcat8 authored Dec 8, 2024
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34 changes: 17 additions & 17 deletions docs/guides/backup/tar.md
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## Overview

`tar` is a tool for archiving files on Linux and other UNIX operating systems and stands for "tape archive".
`tar` is a tool used to process archive files on GNU/Linux and other UNIX operating systems and stands for "tape archive".

Storing files conveniently on magnetic tape was the initial use of tar archives. The name "tar" comes from this use. Despite the utility's name, `tar` can direct its output to available devices, files, or other programs (using pipes) and can access remote devices or files (as archives).

The `tar` currently used on modern Linux came originally from the [GNU Project](https://www.gnu.org/). You can browse and download all versions of `tar` on [GNU's website](https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/).
The `tar` currently used on modern GNU/Linux came originally from the [GNU Project](https://www.gnu.org/). You can browse and download all versions of `tar` on [GNU's website](https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/).

!!! note

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!!! Note

In Linux, outside of desktop environments, files do not have the concept of extensions. In other words, most files do not require an extension. The reason for extensions is to facilitate recognition by human users. For instance, if a systems administrator sees a file with a `.tar.gz` or `.tgz` extension, then they know how to deal with the file.
In GNU/Linux, most files do not require an extension except for the desktop environment (GUI). The reason for artificially adding suffixes is to facilitate recognition by human users. If the systems administrator sees a `.tar.gz` or `.tgz` file extension, for instance, then he knows how to deal with the file.

### Operating parameters or types

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| `-C` | Save location after extracting files from the archive |
| `-P` | Save using absolute mode |

The author explains other auxiliary options in the following examples.
For other auxiliary options not mentioned, see `man 1 tar`

!!! warning "Version difference"

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`tar` provides three styles of options:

1. Traditional style argument usage is:
1. Traditional style:

* `tar {A|c|d|r|t|u|x}[GnSkUWOmpsMBiajJzZhPlRvwo] [ARG...]`.

2. Short-form argument usage is:
2. The usage of the short-option style is:

* `tar -A [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE ARCHIVE`
* `tar -c [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]`
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* `tar -u [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]`
* `tar -x [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...]`

3. Long-form argument usage is:
3. The usage of the long-option style is:

* `tar {--catenate|--concatenate} [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE ARCHIVE`
* `tar --create [--file ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]`
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* `tar --update [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE...]`
* `tar {--extract|--get} [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER...]`

Generally speaking, the second method is more commonly used and in line with the habits of most Linux users.
Generally speaking, the second method is more commonly used and in line with the habits of most GNU/Linux users.

### Compression efficiency and frequency of use

`tar` itself does not have compression capabilities, so it's used in conjunction with other compression tools. Compression and decompression, will impact resource consumption.
`tar` itself does not have compression capabilities, so it needs to be used in conjunction with other compression tools. Compression and decompression, will impact resource consumption.

Here is a ranking of the compression of a set of text files from least to most efficient:

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#### `-c` type

1. Archive and compress **/etc/** in relative mode, with a suffix of ".tar.gz":
1. Archive and compress **/etc/** in relative mode, with a suffix of `.tar.gz`:

```bash
Shell > tar -czvf /tmp/etc-20241207.tar.gz /etc/
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The output unit of the `wc -c` command is bytes.
4. Cut large ".tar.gz" files:
4. Cut large `.tar.gz` files:
```bash
Shell > cd /tmp/ ; tar -czf - /etc/ | split -d -b 2M - etc-backup20241207.tar.gz.
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 70K Dec 7 20:46 etc-backup20241207.tar.gz.03
```
The first "-" represents the input parameters of `tar` while the second `-` tells `tar` to redirect the output to `stdout`..
The first "-" represents the input parameters of `tar` while the second "-" tells `tar` to redirect the output to `stdout`.
To extract these cut small files, you can point to the following operation:
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#### `-A` or `-r` type
1. Append one ".tar" file to another ".tar" file:
1. Append one `.tar` file to another `.tar` file:
```bash
Shell > tar -cvf /tmp/etc.tar /etc/
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This means appending "log.tar" to "etc.tar".
2. Append files or directories to a ".tar" file:
2. Append files or directories to a `.tar` file:
```bash
Shell > tar -rvf /tmp/log.tar /etc/chrony.conf
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#### `-u` type
1. If there are multiple files, you can use the `-u` type:
1. If there are multiple versions of the same file, you can use the `-u` type:
```bash
Shell > touch /tmp/tmpfile1
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Some websites mention two terms:
* **tar file** - Refers to uncompressed archive files, such as ".tar" files
* **tarball** - Refers to compressed archive files, such as ".tar.gz" and ".tar.xz"
* **tarfile** - Refers to uncompressed archive files, such as `.tar` files
* **tarball** - Refers to compressed archive files, such as `.tar.gz` and `.tar.xz`

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