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To stop all argues between developers and sleepless nights due to merging/rebasing someones wrong code style configure your git
git config core.whitespace "blank-at-eol,blank-at-eof,tab-in-indent"
To add an alias for some command we have to edit git config:
git config alias.st status
Also it can be done globally:
git config --global alias.st status
If we need to add a few flags to the command:
git config alias.st 'status --short --branch'
Use ! to call other tools from console. Also if you need to reference previously visited branch, you can use @{-1}. For example alias that checkout entered branch and merge it with branch that you are currently in:
git config alias.qm '!git checkout $1;git merge @{-1}'
git config alias.st status
git config alias.ch checkout
Command for showing history of commits is git log. It cam be formatted as you want with --pretty flag:
git log --pretty=oneline | short | medium | full | fuller | email | raw
git log --pretty='%h %d %n%Cgreen%s %Creset[%an] %Cred(%cr)%Creset' -1 (https://git-scm.com/docs/pretty-formats)
git log --pretty='%Cred%h%Creset | %d %n%Cgreen%s %Creset[%an] %C(cyan)(%cr)%Creset' --graph
To see a graph of commits use --graph flag:
git log --graph
To see commits reachable from work2, but not in master:
git log master..work2
To see all commits that are not reachable from both branches
git log master...work2
To see merged commit
git log --ancestry-path work2..master
To show branches and their commits. If you need to exclude commits in first branch (in this case master) use topics flag:
git show-branch master work work2
To search for cherry-picked commits those changes are the same in both branches
git log --cherry-mark --left-right master...work2
To search for commits that are not reachanble form master and not cherry-picked
git log --cherry master...work
To get all merge commits from work2 to master
git log --merges work2..master
To get last merge commit from work2 to master
git log --merges --ancestry-path work2..master
To get all commits with this file. Flag --follow required if this file was renamed. Flag --patch is for showing all changes
git log --follow index.html
git log --patch --follow index.html
To search for commit where spesific line was added or removed
git log -S'hello world*' --pickaxe-regex
or changed
git log -G'hello world*'
git log -S'hello world' --stat
For some languages you can search for all commits where spesific method or function was changed (see .gitattributes)
git log -L:startup:speech/js/recognizer.js
To look for branches
git branch -a
git branch --merged
git branch --no-merged
To show quick stat and differencces in files use commad show
git show head^
git show head~2
git show head --pretty='%ar'
git show head --no-patch
git show head --stat
To find who changed some spesific line and what commit this was made in. L can be used to point at line numbers or for searching line with RegExp
git blame index.html
git blame index.html -L 12,14
git blame -L:a:index.html
To show your commit comments from all branches during the previous month:
git log --author=vladimir --all --since="1 month ago" --until="2 days ago" --pretty='%s'
To see difference between files. You also can choose an algorithm for comparing files
git diff --word-diff --unified=10
git diff --patience
git diff --histogram
To see difference between commits you can use .. to show a range for comparing.
git diff head~2..head
git diff head~3:future\index.html..head:future\index.html
git diff --staged
Symbols to navigate bettwen commits:
^- one commit backhead^~5- 5 commits backhead~5
Also you can use built-in graphic tool for comparing commits
git difftool
git cat-file -p head
git cat-file -p hash
To add to stage (-i for interactive mode where you can add single file or line for file)
git add -p
git add -i
Commiting with fast forward and without
git commit -am "Some comment" --no-ff
To reset last commits. If you don't need changes from commit that you are going to reset use --hard flag, if you want to put them in stage use --soft flag
git reset head^ --hard
To save your current changes in stack
git stash
git stash -u
git stash save --keep-index -u "work in progress"
To pul changes from server to the branch where you have your own changes use it
git pull --autostash
git rebase head~2..head --whitespace=fix
git rebase -i head~4
git shortlog -s -n
git show-ref --heads//all files with branches
git fsck --unreachable
git fsck --dangling
git branch work <hash>
All logs about current branch
git reflog
git log --grep=C --walk-reflog
To remove and restore branches (cleare a new branch that pointing old commit)
To merge one branch to another
git merge work2
To cherry-pick one commit
git cherry-pick -m 1 <hash>
To return hash of the merge commit
git merge-base master work2
If there are conflicts it will show you two commits and their messages
git log --merge
To add to the file the line with changes before creating branch
git ch --conflict=diff3 some.js
Command for resolving conflicts before full branch merge
git rerere
You can use it if you need to find acommit the broke everything:
Starting binary search
git bisect start
Point at last commit where you found a bug
git bisect bad head
Point at commit where wasn't any bugs
git bisect good head~4
Mark commit that you are currently on as a commit without bug
git bisect good
Mark as a bad commit
git bisect bad
Stop binary search
git bisect reset
To create working tree from some branch to another branch. --track adds upstream to origin. -b creates new branch.
git worktree add --track -b <new-branch> ../quick_fix <remote>/<branch>
To list them
git worktree list