Add Ubuntu 24.04 Noble and switch Rolling to it

[christophebedard]

Closes #68

Rolling is moving to Ubuntu 24.04 Noble: https://discourse.ros.org/t/preparing-ros-2-rolling-for-the-transition-to-ubuntu-24-04/35673.

I removed the pip workaround, which was originally for Ubuntu Xenial (#32), so we don't need it anymore.

Since the desktop and ros_base variants are now available, this should be ready: https://repo.ros2.org/status_page/ros_rolling_default.html?q=variant.

[christophebedard]

Now we need to wait for binary packages to be available for Noble.

[christophebedard]

As part of #67, this list needs to be cleaned up and switched to use apt when possible.

[christophebedard]

Since the desktop and ros_base variants are now available, this should be ready: https://repo.ros2.org/status_page/ros_rolling_default.html?q=variant.

Since the desktop and ros_base variants are now available, this should be ready: https://repo.ros2.org/status_page/ros_rolling_default.html?q=variant.

[christophebedard]

The required variants are available, so the images can be built. Therefore, I'll merge this.

[christophebedard]

I realized that some images, including the new Noble images, are private: https://github.com/orgs/ros-tooling/packages. I can't make the private images public, and I don't think I can change this setting at the org level because I'm not an owner of the org (see https://github.com/orgs/ros-tooling/people).

@emersonknapp @clalancette as owners of the org, could one of you take a look at the org-level settings to see if there's a visibility setting for "packages" (Docker images)? Note that the Docker images are really at the org level, not at the repo level.

[christophebedard]

@clalancette here's a bump-y ping 😁

[christophebedard]

Update: we decided to wait for now. And I'll try to see if we could use the OSRF Docker images instead of these ones (once Noble images are available).