linking with rust-lld failed: no memory region specified for section '.eh_frame', on Ubuntu 16 i686

[advancedwebdeveloper]

I was trying to build some demo projects, by following this article.
Got these bugs:

$ rustup target add riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf
info: component 'rust-std' for target 'riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf' is up to date
~/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master$ rustup default nightly
info: using existing install for 'nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu'
info: default toolchain set to 'nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu'

nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu unchanged - rustc 1.49.0-nightly (1773f60ea 2020-11-08)

~/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master$ rustup target add riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf
info: component 'rust-std' for target 'riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf' is up to date
/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master$ rustup target add riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf
info: component 'rust-std' for target 'riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf' is up to date
oceanfish81@gollvm:/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master$ cargo --verbose build
Compiling r0 v0.2.2
Running rustc --crate-name r0 /home/oceanfish81/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1285ae84e5963aae/r0-0.2.2/src/lib.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi --crate-type lib --emit=dep-info,metadata,link -C embed-bitcode=no -C debuginfo=2 -C metadata=c85b5ab54aceb5f9 -C extra-filename=-c85b5ab54aceb5f9 --out-dir /home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow -C link-arg=-Tlink.x
Compiling panic-abort v0.3.1
Running rustc --crate-name panic_abort /home/oceanfish81/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1285ae84e5963aae/panic-abort-0.3.1/src/lib.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi --crate-type lib --emit=dep-info,metadata,link -C embed-bitcode=no -C debuginfo=2 -C metadata=37322ac1e75fee7c -C extra-filename=-37322ac1e75fee7c --out-dir /home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow -C link-arg=-Tlink.x
Compiling rust-sipeed-longan-nano v0.1.0 (/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master)
Running rustc --crate-name rust_sipeed_longan_nano --edition=2018 src/main.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi --crate-type bin --emit=dep-info,link -C embed-bitcode=no -C debuginfo=2 -C metadata=2df4b3c694b8dfb5 -C extra-filename=-2df4b3c694b8dfb5 --out-dir /home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf -C incremental=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/incremental -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps --extern panic_abort=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/libpanic_abort-37322ac1e75fee7c.rlib --extern r0=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/libr0-c85b5ab54aceb5f9.rlib -C link-arg=-Tlink.x
warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> src/main.rs:8:25
|
8 | const rcu_apb2en: u32 = (0x4002_1000 + 0x18);
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: remove these parentheses
|
= note: #[warn(unused_parens)] on by default

warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> src/main.rs:10:25
|
10 | const gpioa_ctl0: u32 = (0x4001_0800 + 0x0);
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: remove these parentheses

warning: unnecessary parentheses around assigned value
--> src/main.rs:11:25
|
11 | const gpioa_data: u32 = (0x4001_0800 + 0xc);
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: remove these parentheses

warning: unused import: panic_abort
--> src/main.rs:13:5
|
13 | use panic_abort;
| ^^^^^^^^^^^
|
= note: #[warn(unused_imports)] on by default

warning: constant rcu_apb2en should have an upper case name
--> src/main.rs:8:7
|
8 | const rcu_apb2en: u32 = (0x4002_1000 + 0x18);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ help: convert the identifier to upper case: RCU_APB2EN
|
= note: #[warn(non_upper_case_globals)] on by default

warning: constant gpioa_ctl0 should have an upper case name
--> src/main.rs:10:7
|
10 | const gpioa_ctl0: u32 = (0x4001_0800 + 0x0);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ help: convert the identifier to upper case: GPIOA_CTL0

warning: constant gpioa_data should have an upper case name
--> src/main.rs:11:7
|
11 | const gpioa_data: u32 = (0x4001_0800 + 0xc);
| ^^^^^^^^^^ help: convert the identifier to upper case: GPIOA_DATA

error: linking with rust-lld failed: exit code: 1
|
= note: "rust-lld" "-flavor" "gnu" "-L" "/home/oceanfish81/snap/rustup/common/rustup/toolchains/nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/lib" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5.19pbfx1e7ppiz22i.rcgu.o" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5.1gxn96a4ynn6krtc.rcgu.o" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5.1rrq47tcmo7r1d7q.rcgu.o" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5.2oywxm1qwyrau2j5.rcgu.o" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5.36wqpyrxaht0bqyw.rcgu.o" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5.4g879aqcx3v63xcn.rcgu.o" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5.hpztk5fc5xtxkyj.rcgu.o" "-o" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/rust_sipeed_longan_nano-2df4b3c694b8dfb5" "--gc-sections" "-L" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps" "-L" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps" "-L" "/home/oceanfish81/snap/rustup/common/rustup/toolchains/nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/lib" "-Bstatic" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/libr0-c85b5ab54aceb5f9.rlib" "--start-group" "/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/libpanic_abort-37322ac1e75fee7c.rlib" "/home/oceanfish81/snap/rustup/common/rustup/toolchains/nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/lib/librustc_std_workspace_core-1bd0d3673780d693.rlib" "/home/oceanfish81/snap/rustup/common/rustup/toolchains/nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/lib/libcore-5aec724f1f867fb1.rlib" "--end-group" "/home/oceanfish81/snap/rustup/common/rustup/toolchains/nightly-i686-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/lib/libcompiler_builtins-deaf2d068ddf18c0.rlib" "-Tlink.x" "-Bdynamic"
= note: rust-lld: error: no memory region specified for section '.eh_frame'

error: aborting due to previous error; 7 warnings emitted

error: could not compile rust-sipeed-longan-nano

Caused by:
process didn't exit successfully: rustc --crate-name rust_sipeed_longan_nano --edition=2018 src/main.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi --crate-type bin --emit=dep-info,link -C embed-bitcode=no -C debuginfo=2 -C metadata=2df4b3c694b8dfb5 -C extra-filename=-2df4b3c694b8dfb5 --out-dir /home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf -C incremental=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/incremental -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps --extern panic_abort=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/libpanic_abort-37322ac1e75fee7c.rlib --extern r0=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps/libr0-c85b5ab54aceb5f9.rlib -C link-arg=-Tlink.x (exit code: 1)

[advancedwebdeveloper]

CC @fanghuaqi @lupyuen @tekkamanninja

[Disasm]

This problem should already be solved in riscv-rt v0.7.2 and v0.8.0. Make sure you use the latest versions of riscv, riscv-rt and longan-nano: they were updated recently.

[advancedwebdeveloper]

@Disasm , how should I check that?

[Disasm]

You can run cargo tree (you can install it with cargo install cargo-tree) and check crate versions displayed

[advancedwebdeveloper]

@Disasm , I did like this:

~/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master$ cargo install cargo-tree
Updating crates.io index
Downloaded cargo-tree v0.29.0
Downloaded 1 crate (15.6 KB) in 0.83s
Installing cargo-tree v0.29.0
Downloaded structopt-derive v0.4.13
Downloaded structopt v0.3.20
Downloaded proc-macro-error-attr v1.0.4
Downloaded ordermap v0.3.5
Downloaded strsim v0.8.0
Downloaded fixedbitset v0.1.9
Downloaded lazy_static v1.4.0
Downloaded serde v1.0.117
Downloaded unicode-xid v0.2.1
Downloaded version_check v0.9.2
Downloaded vec_map v0.8.2
Downloaded quote v1.0.7
Downloaded unicode-width v0.1.8
Downloaded ryu v1.0.5
Downloaded itoa v0.4.6
Downloaded semver-parser v0.7.0
Downloaded atty v0.2.14
Downloaded semver v0.9.0
Downloaded textwrap v0.11.0
Downloaded proc-macro-error v1.0.4
Downloaded libc v0.2.80
Downloaded bitflags v1.2.1
Downloaded syn v1.0.48
Downloaded unicode-segmentation v1.6.0
Downloaded petgraph v0.4.13
Downloaded serde_json v1.0.59
Downloaded serde_derive v1.0.117
Downloaded proc-macro2 v1.0.24
Downloaded heck v0.3.1
Downloaded clap v2.33.3
Downloaded cargo_metadata v0.9.1
Downloaded ansi_term v0.11.0
Downloaded anyhow v1.0.34
Downloaded 33 crates (1.9 MB) in 1.87s
Compiling proc-macro2 v1.0.24
Compiling unicode-xid v0.2.1
Compiling version_check v0.9.2
Compiling syn v1.0.48
Compiling serde v1.0.117
Compiling libc v0.2.80
Compiling ryu v1.0.5
Compiling bitflags v1.2.1
Compiling serde_json v1.0.59
Compiling unicode-width v0.1.8
Compiling serde_derive v1.0.117
Compiling unicode-segmentation v1.6.0
Compiling strsim v0.8.0
Compiling ansi_term v0.11.0
Compiling vec_map v0.8.2
Compiling anyhow v1.0.34
Compiling semver-parser v0.7.0
Compiling itoa v0.4.6
Compiling ordermap v0.3.5
Compiling lazy_static v1.4.0
Compiling fixedbitset v0.1.9
Compiling proc-macro-error-attr v1.0.4
Compiling proc-macro-error v1.0.4
Compiling textwrap v0.11.0
Compiling heck v0.3.1
Compiling petgraph v0.4.13
Compiling quote v1.0.7
Compiling semver v0.9.0
Compiling atty v0.2.14
Compiling clap v2.33.3
Compiling cargo_metadata v0.9.1
Compiling structopt-derive v0.4.13
Compiling structopt v0.3.20
Compiling cargo-tree v0.29.0
Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 7m 10s
Installing /home/oceanfish81/.cargo/bin/cargo-tree
Installed package cargo-tree v0.29.0 (executable cargo-tree)

and

~/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master$ cargo tree
rust-sipeed-longan-nano v0.1.0 (/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master)
├── panic-abort v0.3.1
└── r0 v0.2.2

Here is what I get:

$ cargo install riscv
Updating crates.io index
Downloaded riscv v0.6.0
Downloaded 1 crate (64.4 KB) in 0.58s
error: specified package riscv v0.6.0 has no binaries

$ cargo install riscv-rt
Updating crates.io index
Downloaded riscv-rt v0.8.0
Downloaded 1 crate (24.4 KB) in 0.72s
error: specified package riscv-rt v0.8.0 has no binaries

$ cargo install longan-nano
Updating crates.io index
Downloaded longan-nano v0.1.1
Downloaded 1 crate (14.1 KB) in 0.45s
error: specified package longan-nano v0.1.1 has no binaries

[advancedwebdeveloper]

Looks like I had to add those ones as dependencies, into Cargo.toml.

After updating from

[package]
name = "rust-sipeed-longan-nano"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["David Craven david@craven.ch"]
edition = "2018"

[dependencies]
r0 = "0.2.2"
panic-abort = "0.3.1"

to

[package]
name = "rust-sipeed-longan-nano"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["David Craven david@craven.ch"]
edition = "2018"

[dependencies]
r0 = "0.2.2"
panic-abort = "0.3.1"
riscv = "0.6.0"
riscv-rt = "0.8.0"
longan-nano = "0.1.1"

So it resulted in

$ cargo build
Updating crates.io index
Downloaded thread_local v1.0.1
Downloaded memchr v2.3.4
Downloaded nb v0.1.3
Downloaded embedded-hal v0.2.4
Downloaded gd32vf103-pac v0.2.0
Downloaded vcell v0.1.2
Downloaded riscv-target v0.1.2
Downloaded bare-metal v0.2.5
Downloaded nb v1.0.0
Downloaded quote v0.6.13
Downloaded regex-syntax v0.6.21
Downloaded void v1.0.2
Downloaded unicode-xid v0.1.0
Downloaded r0 v1.0.0
Downloaded syn v0.15.44
Downloaded proc-macro2 v0.4.30
Downloaded cast v0.2.3
Downloaded regex v1.4.2
Downloaded aho-corasick v0.7.15
Downloaded rand_core v0.4.2
Downloaded riscv v0.5.4
Downloaded bit_field v0.9.0
Downloaded bit_field v0.10.1
Downloaded riscv-rt-macros v0.1.6
Downloaded rand_core v0.3.1
Downloaded gd32vf103xx-hal v0.2.3
Downloaded rand v0.5.6
Downloaded rustc_version v0.2.3
Downloaded 28 crates (1.6 MB) in 1.63s
Compiling semver-parser v0.7.0
Compiling memchr v2.3.4
Compiling lazy_static v1.4.0
Compiling regex-syntax v0.6.21
Compiling proc-macro2 v0.4.30
Compiling unicode-xid v0.1.0
Compiling riscv v0.5.4
Compiling rand_core v0.4.2
Compiling nb v1.0.0
error[E0463]: can't find crate for core
|
= note: the riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf target may not be installed

error: aborting due to previous error

For more information about this error, try rustc --explain E0463.
error: could not compile nb

To learn more, run the command again with --verbose.

[advancedwebdeveloper]

Running rustc --crate-name nb --edition=2018 /home/oceanfish81/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1285ae84e5963aae/nb-1.0.0/src/lib.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts --crate-type lib --emit=dep-info,metadata,link -C embed-bitcode=no -C debuginfo=2 -C metadata=ff11b26417734117 -C extra-filename=-ff11b26417734117 --out-dir /home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow -C link-arg=-Tlink.x
error[E0463]: can't find crate for core
|
= note: the riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf target may not be installed

error: aborting due to previous error

For more information about this error, try rustc --explain E0463.
error: could not compile nb

Caused by:
process didn't exit successfully: rustc --crate-name nb --edition=2018 /home/oceanfish81/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1285ae84e5963aae/nb-1.0.0/src/lib.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts --crate-type lib --emit=dep-info,metadata,link -C embed-bitcode=no -C debuginfo=2 -C metadata=ff11b26417734117 -C extra-filename=-ff11b26417734117 --out-dir /home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow -C link-arg=-Tlink.x (exit code: 1)
~/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master$ rustc --crate-name nb --edition=2018 /home/oceanfish81/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1285ae84e5963aae/nb-1.0.0/src/lib.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts --crate-type lib --emit=dep-info,metadata,link -C embed-bitcode=no -C debuginfo=2 -C metadata=ff11b26417734117 -C extra-filename=-ff11b26417734117 --out-dir /home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps --target riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf/debug/deps -L dependency=/home/oceanfish81/Desktop/rust-sipeed-longan-nano-master/target/debug/deps --cap-lints allow -C link-arg=-Tlink.x
{"message":"can't find crate for core","code":{"code":"E0463","explanation":"A plugin/crate was declared but cannot be found.\n\nErroneous code example:\n\ncompile_fail,E0463\n#![feature(plugin)]\n#![plugin(cookie_monster)] // error: can't find crate for `cookie_monster`\nextern crate cake_is_a_lie; // error: can't find crate for `cake_is_a_lie`\n\n\nYou need to link your code to the relevant crate in order to be able to use it\n(through Cargo or the -L option of rustc example). Plugins are crates as\nwell, and you link to them the same way.\n"},"level":"error","spans":[{"file_name":"/home/oceanfish81/.cargo/registry/src/github.com-1285ae84e5963aae/nb-1.0.0/src/lib.rs","byte_start":0,"byte_end":0,"line_start":1,"line_end":1,"column_start":1,"column_end":1,"is_primary":true,"text":[],"label":"can't find crate","suggested_replacement":null,"suggestion_applicability":null,"expansion":null}],"children":[{"message":"the riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf target may not be installed","code":null,"level":"note","spans":[],"children":[],"rendered":null}],"rendered":"\u001b[0m\u001b[1m\u001b[38;5;9merror[E0463]\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[1m: can't find crate for core\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[1m\u001b[38;5;12m|\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[1m\u001b[38;5;12m= \u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[1mnote\u001b[0m\u001b[0m: the riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf target may not be installed\u001b[0m\n\n"}
{"message":"aborting due to previous error","code":null,"level":"error","spans":[],"children":[],"rendered":"\u001b[0m\u001b[1m\u001b[38;5;9merror\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\u001b[1m: aborting due to previous error\u001b[0m\n\n"}
{"message":"For more information about this error, try rustc --explain E0463.","code":null,"level":"failure-note","spans":[],"children":[],"rendered":"\u001b[0m\u001b[1mFor more information about this error, try rustc --explain E0463.\u001b[0m\n"}

[Disasm]

error[E0463]: can't find crate for core
|
= note: the riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf target may not be installed

This means that you need to install the riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf target. You can do this by running
rustup target add riscv32imac-unknown-none-elf.

[Disasm]

Closing as the problem seems to be resolved.