Avoid non-local definitions in functions

text/3373-avoid-nonlocal-definitions-in-fns.md

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+- Feature Name: N/A
+- Start Date: 2022-01-19
+- RFC PR: [rust-lang/rfcs#3373](https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/3373)
+- Rust Issue: [rust-lang/rust#0000](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/0000)
+
+# Summary
+[summary]: #summary
+
+Starting in Rust 2024, stop allowing items inside functions or expressions to
+implement methods or traits that are visible outside the function or
+expression.
+
+# Motivation
+[motivation]: #motivation
+
+Currently, tools cross-referencing uses and definitions (such as IDEs) must
+either search inside all function bodies and other expression-containing items
+to find potential definitions corresponding to uses within another function, or
+not cross-reference those definitions at all.
+
+Humans cross-referencing such uses and definitions may find themselves
+similarly baffled.
+
+With this change, both humans and tools can limit the scope of their search and
+avoid looking for definitions inside other functions or items, without missing
+any relevant definitions.
+
+# Explanation
+[explanation]: #explanation
+
+The following types of items, "expression-containing items", can contain
+expressions, including the definitions of other items:
+- Functions
+- Closures
+- The values assigned to `static`/`const` items
+- The discriminant values assigned to `enum` variants
+
+Starting in the Rust 2024 edition:
+- An item nested inside an expression-containing item (through any level of
+  nesting) may not define an `impl Type` block unless the `Type` is also nested
+  inside the same expression-containing item.
+- An item nested inside an expression-containing item (through any level of
+  nesting) may not define an `impl Trait for Type` unless either the `Trait` or
+  the `Type` is also nested inside the same expression-containing item.
+- An item nested inside an expression-containing item (through any level of
+  nesting) may not define an exported macro visible outside the
+  expression-containing item (e.g. using `#[macro_export]`).
+
+Rust 2015, 2018, and 2021 continue to permit this, but will produce a
+warn-by-default lint.
+
+# Drawbacks
+[drawbacks]: #drawbacks
+
+Some existing code makes use of this pattern, and would need to migrate to a
+different pattern. In particular, this pattern may occur in macro-generated
+code, or in code generated by tools like rustdoc. Making this change would
+require such code and tools to restructure to meet this requirement.
+
+# Unresolved questions
+[unresolved-questions]: #unresolved-questions
+
+We'll need a crater run to look at how widespread this pattern is in existing
+code.
+
+# Future possibilities
+[future-possibilities]: #future-possibilities
+
+If in the future Rust provides a "standalone `derive`" mechanism (e.g. `derive
+Trait for Type` as a standalone definition separate from `Type`), the `impl`
+produced by that mechanism would be subject to the same requirements.