recursive type_alias_impl_trait unsoundly allows different underlying types

[kwannoel]

edit: minimized

#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]

type Op = impl std::fmt::Display;
fn foo() -> Op { &"hello world" }

fn transform<S>() -> impl std::fmt::Display {
    &0usize
}
fn bad() -> Op {
    transform::<Op>()
}

fn main() {
    let mut x = foo();
    println!("{x}");
    x = bad();
    println!("{x}");
}

see #113314 (comment) for more details

---

I tried this code:

#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
#![feature(generators)]
#![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]

use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
use futures::stream::Stream;
use futures_async_stream::{stream, for_await};

type Op = impl Stream<Item = Result<usize>>;
async fn iter() -> Op {
    futures::stream::iter(vec![Ok(1), Err(anyhow!(""))])
}

#[stream(item = Result<usize>)]
async fn transform<S>(stream: S)
where
    S: Stream<Item = Result<usize>> + Unpin,
{
    #[for_await]
    for i in stream {
        yield i;
    }
}

async fn bad() -> Op {
    transform(Box::pin(iter().await))
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
#[stream(item = Result<usize>)]
async fn good() {
    #[for_await]
    for i in transform(Box::pin(iter().await)) {
        yield i;
    }
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let s = bad().await;
    // let s = good(); // may comment this out, this works instead.
    #[for_await]
    for i in s {
        println!("{:#?}", i);
    }
}

I expected to see this happen: Compilation should fail, because different generator types should be generated by calling transform, meaning bad and iter should not share the same type Op.

Instead, compilation passes, and SEGFAULT occurs during runtime:

    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.05s
     Running `target/debug/async-stream-min`
Ok(
    2334106421097295465,
)
Err(
zsh: segmentation fault  cargo run --bin async-stream-min

More context: https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave/pull/10266/files#r1244771828

Meta

rustc --version --verbose:

rustc 1.69.0-nightly (31f858d9a 2023-02-28)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: 31f858d9a511f24fedb8ed997b28304fec809630
commit-date: 2023-02-28
host: aarch64-apple-darwin
release: 1.69.0-nightly
LLVM version: 15.0.7

No Backtrace from running it

$ RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --bin async-stream-min
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.05s
     Running `target/debug/async-stream-min`
Ok(
    2334106421097295465,
)
Err(
zsh: segmentation fault  RUST_BACKTRACE=1 cargo run --bin async-stream-min
noelkwan@Noels-MacBook-Pro rust-experiments % 

[tgross35]

@rustbot label +F-type_alias_impl_trait +I-unsound +T-compiler

[tgross35]

Only possible with unstable feature

@rustbot label -I-prioritize

[lcnr]

it would be good to have an example which does not depend on external crates or macros here.

[lcnr]

slightly minimized

#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
#![feature(generators)]
#![feature(stmt_expr_attributes)]
#![feature(proc_macro_hygiene)]

use futures::stream::Stream;
use futures_async_stream::{stream, for_await};

type Op = impl Stream<Item = i32>;
async fn iter() -> Op {
    futures::stream::iter(vec![])
}

#[stream(item = i32)]
async fn transform<S>(_: S)
where
    S: Stream<Item = i32> + Unpin,
{}

async fn bad() -> Op {
    transform(Box::pin(iter().await))
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let s = bad().await;
    #[for_await]
    for i in s {
        println!("{:#?}", i);
    }
}

Cargo.toml

[package]
name = "test1"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"

[dependencies]
futures = "0.3.28"
tokio = { version = "1.29.1", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros"] }
futures-async-stream = "0.2.7"

completely minimized: #113278 + incorrectly ignoring recursive definitions, writing a clean MVCE rn

[lcnr]

#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]

type Op = impl std::fmt::Display;
fn foo() -> Op { &"hello world" }

fn transform<S>() -> impl std::fmt::Display {
    &0usize
}
fn bad() -> Op {
    transform::<Op>()
}

fn main() {
    let mut x = foo();
    println!("{x}");
    x = bad();
    println!("{x}");
}

bad constrains Op to transform::{opaque#0}[Op], which gets ignored because of

rust/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/writeback.rs

Lines 555 to 574 in 4dbc7e3

	struct RecursionChecker {
	def_id: LocalDefId,
	}
	impl<'tcx> ty::TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for RecursionChecker {
	type BreakTy = ();
	fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
	if let ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, .. }) = *t.kind() {
	if def_id == self.def_id.to_def_id() {
	return ControlFlow::Break(());
	}
	}
	t.super_visit_with(self)
	}
	}
	if hidden_type
	.visit_with(&mut RecursionChecker { def_id: opaque_type_key.def_id })
	.is_break()
	{
	continue;
	}

I am not totally sure how this all interacts, would have to look at the code, but it feels like the same root cause as #113278