Build & Test using Conda

CI: Update Linux platforms / runners, remove `ubuntu-trusty`, `opensuse-{15.3,15.4}` #9212

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Run time

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Job	Run time
Conda (ubuntu, 3.9, environment)	1h 2m 26s
Conda (macos, 3.11, environment)	2h 14m 44s
	3h 17m 10s