Add default devcontainer using conda

[tobiasdiez]

📚 Description

Now that VSCode support multiple devcontainer configs, we can add a default config that uses conda (similar to the gitpod config). Closes #34560.

Once this PR is merged, I will enable codespace prebuilds so that one can get a running codespace very quickly without the 40min of build time. Example of such a prebuild run can be found at https://github.com/tobiasdiez/sage/actions/runs/4150784209/jobs/7180663661.

📝 Checklist

• I have made sure that the title is self-explanatory and the description concisely explains the PR.
• I have linked an issue or discussion.
• I have created tests covering the changes.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.

⌛ Dependencies

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Base: 88.59% // Head: 88.58% // Decreases project coverage by -0.01% ⚠️

Coverage data is based on head (7c91b9d) compared to base (49a0aed).
Patch has no changes to coverable lines.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop   #35072      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    88.59%   88.58%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         2140     2140              
  Lines       396961   396961              
===========================================
- Hits        351678   351653      -25     
- Misses       45283    45308      +25     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/sage/data_structures/stream.py	92.41% <0.00%> (-5.06%)	⬇️
src/sage/coding/information_set_decoder.py	97.12% <0.00%> (-1.15%)	⬇️
src/sage/modular/hecke/algebra.py	94.65% <0.00%> (-1.07%)	⬇️
src/sage/modular/arithgroup/congroup_gamma0.py	94.41% <0.00%> (-0.56%)	⬇️
src/sage/graphs/tutte_polynomial.py	93.57% <0.00%> (-0.46%)	⬇️
src/sage/graphs/generic_graph.py	89.12% <0.00%> (-0.40%)	⬇️
src/sage/rings/padics/local_generic.py	90.43% <0.00%> (-0.39%)	⬇️
src/sage/modular/modsym/boundary.py	89.88% <0.00%> (-0.30%)	⬇️
src/sage/matrix/matrix_space.py	89.60% <0.00%> (-0.18%)	⬇️
src/sage/rings/continued_fraction.py	90.46% <0.00%> (-0.17%)	⬇️
... and 23 more

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[mkoeppe]

Now that VSCode support multiple devcontainer configs, we can add a default config that uses conda (similar to the gitpod config).

That's great news!

[mkoeppe]

The devcontainer doesn't build for me and enters recovery mode.

[tobiasdiez]

The devcontainer doesn't build for me and enters recovery mode.

And what is the error?

[mkoeppe]

Do you know where I find the errors after it has sent me to the "recovery container"?

[tobiasdiez]

They should show up automatically in the recovery container. But you can also show the log using the "Dev Containers: Show Container Log" command.

[mkoeppe]

Downloading and Extracting Packages

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
ERROR conda.core.link:_execute(740): An error occurred while installing package 'conda-forge::mathjax-3.2.2-ha770c72_0'.
Rolling back transaction: done

[Errno 28] No space left on device: '/opt/conda/envs/sage-dev/bin'
()

[tobiasdiez]

Looks like you run in out of your docker space quota microsoft/vscode-dev-containers#128.

[mkoeppe]

The failing run was in the cloud, not on my machine

[tobiasdiez]

Did you use the 8GB RAM runner? Once we enable prebuilds these limits shouldn't be an issue any more. Can you please try it locally?

[mkoeppe]

Locally it works fine. I suppose we can look into the codespaces situation later, so I would set it to positive review after you take care of the documentation

[tobiasdiez]

Okay, thanks! I've now incorporated your suggestions.

[github-actions]

Documentation preview for this PR is ready! 🎉
Built with commit: 7c91b9d

[mkoeppe]

LGTM, thank you!

[mkoeppe]

The build & test failure is an unrelated doctest timeout.

[tobiasdiez]

Thanks! Merging now as its only dx related.