LatinIRB

DOCKER USE

The following application is wonderfully used within Docker. To use it so:

$ docker build -t latinirb . 
$ docker run -it --rm -v $(pwd):/workarea latinirb

... visual content snipped ...
LatinIRB > puts AFIRST.active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person_singular_number
amō

DESCRIPTION

LatinIRB is an IRB session in which a user can interact with paradigmatic Latin verbs (AFIRST, ASECOND, ATHIRD, ATHIRDIO, AFOURTH) as calculated heuristically by the LatinVerb library.

The methods of chief interest will be those that are vectors within the LatinVerb parlance i.e. methods that uniquely identify a specific conjugated form of a verb.

An primary use case would be:

AFIRST.active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person_singular_number #=> amō

This can be a bit verbose to type, so I recommend taking advantage of TAB completion:

AFIRST.act<TAB>indic<TAB>

Upon opening the session, the student may play with verbs offered for exploration. These are the standard paradigmatics verbs presented in Wheelock as well as three core irregular verbs:

Varible	Parts	Meaning
AFIRST	amō amāre amāvī amatum	to love / like
ASECOND	moneō monēre monvī monitum	to warn / advise
ATHIRD	agō agere ēgī actum	to do / lead / undertake
ATHIRDIO	capiō capere cēpī captum	to grab / seize
AFOURTH	audiō audīre audīvī auditum	to hear
TO_BE	sum esse fuī futūrus	to be
TO_CARRY	ferō ferre tulī lātum	to carry
TO_COME	eō īre īvī itum	to come

INSTANTIATING

Because LatinVerb preserves the phonographic data of a Latin verb, the quantity of the vowels, the LatinVerb-definining string must contain the macron data so that the heuristics work. To this end, you may use MacronConversions to convert ASCII TeX-style transliterations of macronized vowels to produce the correct string:

If your input device supports the quick entry of characters with macrons:

lv = LatinVerb.new("amō amāre amāvī amatum")

But if not, you can convert an ASCII representation of the same data:

lv = LatinVerb.new(Text::Latex::Util::Macronconversions.convert('am\={o} am\={a}re am\={a}v\={i} amatum', :mc))
lv.active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person_singular_number #=> amō

This is a bit too much to have to type, so LatinIRB has the method verb or v that combines the text conversion and the verb instantiation e.g.

copy_of_a_first = v( 'am\={o} am\={a}re am\={a}v\={i} amatum')

Finally, LatinIRB exposes a method s() which loads the contents of a file of the form:

reckon:put\={o}, put\={a}re, put\={a}v\={\i}, putatum

and saves it into a Hash called SEED where the key remains e.g. reckon but points to a LatinVerb instance such that one can:

chart(SEED['reckon'])

as described below.

VIEWING

The environment takes advantage of Ruby's UTF-8 support to display the verbs with macrons (notation representing the quantity of the vowels). I recommend that you use iTerm2, urxvt, or Apple's Terminal.app for viewing these entries.

CHART VIEW

To view the chart of a verb, use the chart method. This is a basic chart that will look familiar to students:

LatinIRB > chart AFIRST
Present System
==============
                 Present      Imperfect         Future
                 =======      =========         ======
  1st Sg.            amō         amābam          amābō
  2nd Sg.           amās         amābās         amābis

EXECUTING METHODS

Every verb in latin is a "vector" comprised of the voice / mood / tense / number / and person.

SINGULAR VECTOR

As such methods are of the form:

(active|passive)_voice_(indicative|subjunctive)_mood_(present|imperfect|perfect|pastperfect|futureperfect|etc.)tense_(first|second|third)_person_(singular|plural)_number

This will return a single value. Where the result is ambiguous (e.g. 'number' is not provided) multiple values are returned. An exhaustive list of options follows below.

MULTIPLEX VECTORS

Several convenience methods exist which load multiple vectors at the same time such as "present tense." For their invocation, see below

Comprehensive List of Singular Vectors

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_plural_number.to_s)

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number.to_s)

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_singular_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_first_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_second_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense_third_person_plural_number

• LatinVerb#active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense

• LatinVerb#active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense

• LatinVerb#imperatives (aggregator method)

• LatinVerb#present_active_participle

• LatinVerb#future_active_participle

• LatinVerb#perfect_passive_participle

• LatinVerb#future_passive_participle

• LatinVerb#infinitives (aggregator method : returns a keyed hash)

• LatinVerb#future_active_infinitive

• LatinVerb#future_passive_infinitive

• LatinVerb#perfect_active_infinitive

• LatinVerb#perfect_passive_infinitive

• LatinVerb#present_active_infinitive

• LatinVerb#present_passive_infinitive

Ambiguous Methods

A voice, mood, and tense are all required for resolution of answers. LatinVerb does not repsect ambiguity in those vectors. It does respect ambiguity in the person and number specifiers. Thus, you may say:

• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_first_person
• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense_singular_number

This will return an array containing all possible candidates. Thus, for each of the items below (first|second|third)_person or (singular|plural)_number may be postpended.

• LatinVerb#active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_imperative_mood_present_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
• LatinVerb#active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense
• LatinVerb#passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense

AUTHOR

Steven G. Harms

THANKS

Thanks to the Austin Ruby coders group who answered questions that helped me put this all together. Thanks also to the Reject^{2} conference at the Lone Star Ruby Conference 2008 who helped me think through some of the metaprogrammatic approaches. Thanks to Professor James Burleson of Austin Community College who insisted, old-style, of a mastery of the rote basics of Latin. Thanks also to Lauren Roth for her support and encouragement and understanding of my pre-dawn hack sessions.