feat: update to doctrine/dbal 4.0 - deprecations for updated functionality

[h1k3r]

1. Why is this change necessary?

This PR contains deprecations related to doctrine/dbal update in the next major #5861

2. What does this change do, exactly?

All deprecated functionality is marked in phpdoc and using Feature::triggerDeprecationOrThrow where possible.

3. Please link to the relevant issues (if any).

• Jira issue: https://shopware.atlassian.net/browse/NEXT-39353

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 50.20%. Comparing base (c247cea) to head (17e370d).
Report is 1 commits behind head on trunk.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...k/DataAbstractionLayer/Dbal/Common/LastIdQuery.php	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...k/DataAbstractionLayer/Dbal/Common/OffsetQuery.php	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
.../Core/Checkout/Cart/Command/CartMigrateCommand.php	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...AbstractionLayer/DataAbstractionLayerException.php	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
...taAbstractionLayer/Dbal/Common/IteratorFactory.php	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##            trunk    #6282      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   50.20%   50.20%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        4801     4801              
  Lines      163957   163961       +4     
  Branches     9175     9175              
==========================================
- Hits        82320    82316       -4     
- Misses      78858    78866       +8     
  Partials     2779     2779              

Flag	Coverage Δ
jest-admin	59.25% <ø> (ø)
jest-storefront	67.28% <ø> (ø)
phpunit-migration	38.45% <ø> (ø)
phpunit-unit	41.86% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.