Vali - create GeoGuessr locations like a pro

The creator of An Arbitrary World, An Arbitrary Rural World, Dirty World, IntersectionGuessr ++ brings you Vali - the next evolution in computer generating GeoGuessr maps. With this tool you can create "An Arbitrary Rural Southern Europe", "Coastal Sri Lanka", "Skewed Africa" or something brand new. More than 100 million possible locations are available - be creative.

What is Vali?

Vali uses a massive pool of pre-generated Google street view locations combined with specific data from OpenStreetMap and Nominatim to provide a tool that can generate locations based on your preferences. The creation and update of the locations happens outside of Vali and is not part of this repository. You provide a specification of what type of locations you want in the form of a JSON file, and Vali will give you locations you can upload to map-making.app or GeoGuessr.

First time setup

• Install .NET 8 SDK.
• Install Windows Terminal (or use another terminal).
• Install Visual Studio Code or use another text editor suitable for editing JSON files.
• Open Windows Terminal and run dotnet tool install -g vali
• To update to the latest version, if you already have it installed - run dotnet tool update -g vali

Getting started

• vali create-file - Create a JSON file to start off.
• Open the JSON file that was just created in Visual Studio Code. Edit it if you want.
• vali generate --file "NO.json" - Generate locations based on the JSON file specified.
• You can also watch a video showing Vali in use: https://youtu.be/pG10DSVLVKY

Commands

• vali generate --file norway.json - Generate locations based on specification in norway.json.
• vali subdivisions --country "ES" - Export default subdivision distribution data for Spain as JSON.
• vali subdivisions --country "ES" --text - Export default subdivision distribution data for Spain as text.
• vali countries "ES,FR,IT" - Export default country distribution data for Spain as JSON.
• vali countries "ES,FR,IT" --distribution "abw" - Export country distribution data for Spain, France and Italy as specified by "A Balanced World" as JSON.
• vali countries "*" --distribution "aiw" --text - Export country distribution data for all countries as specified by "An Improved World" as text.
• vali report --country "NO" --prop "County" - Export counties/municipalities data for Norway.
• vali report --country "BE" --prop "Year" - Export coverage year data for Belgium.
• vali download - Download/update data. You will be asked which countries you want to download data for.
• vali set-download-folder "D:\vali-data" - Change folder where data is downloaded to. Default location is C:\ProgramData
• vali unset-download-folder - Reset download folder to default.
• vali application-settings - Read application settings.
• vali distribute-from-file --file ".\large-ES.json" --distance 250 --outputPath ".\large-ES-locations.json" - Use vali's distribution algorithm to distribute locations from a file with lots of locations.

Buliding blocks

Go directly to full examples or properties if you prefer not to read.

Selecting countries

You need to specify which countries you want to include in the countryCodes array. Example:

{
  "countryCodes": ["EC", "CO", "PE", "BO"]
}

Distribution strategy

You can select between different strategies for distributing locations. Option 1 is FixedCountByMaxMinDistance where you specify how many locations you want in total and each subdivision will get their locations spread as far away from each other as possible. You can set a minimum minimum distance to set a lower limit on how close each location can be to each other. This is the recommended approach for most. Example:

{
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 45000,
    "minMinDistance": 200
  }
}

Option 2 is MaxCountByFixedMinDistance where you specify how far you want each location to be from each other in FixedMinDistance and it finds the maximum amount of locations still upholding the subdivision distribution. Example:

{
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "MaxCountByFixedMinDistance",
    "FixedMinDistance": 200
  }
}

Specific country distribution

You can specify a country distribution of your choice. All numbers are relative (not representing location counts) and must be integers. Example:

{
  "countryDistribution": {
    "NO": 200,
    "SE": 220,
    "FI": 200,
    "DK": 140
  }
}

Use vali countries --country "NO,SE,FI,DK" to output the default distribution, so you can copy it and make adjustments suitable to your map.

Specific subdivision distribution(s)

You can specify one or more subdivision distribution to override the default one(s). All numbers are relative (not representing location counts) and must be integers. You can output the default subdivision distribution as JSON with the command vali subdivisions --country "NO" (or vali subdivisions --country "NO" --text to get a textual representation) Example:

{
  "subdivisionDistribution": {
    "NO": {
      "NO-03": 200,
      "NO-15": 1500
    },
    "SE": {
      "SE-AB": 1000,
      "SE-AC": 1500,
      "SE-BD": 2000
    }
  }
}

Use vali subdivisions --country "NO" to output the default distribution, so you can copy it and make adjustments suitable to your map.

Include or exclude subdivisions

Sometimes it can be handy to include or excludle a few subdivisions. F.ex. include only African Spain or exclude European Türkiye. Examples:

{
  "subdivisionInclusions": {
    "ES": [
      "ES-CN",
      "ES-CE",
      "ES-ML"
    ]
  }
}

{
  "subdivisionExclusions": {
    "TR": [
      "TR-22",
      "TR-39",
      "TR-59",
      "TR-34"
    ]
  }
}

Location filtering

Locations can be filtered globally, per country or per subdivision.

Properties

Property	Description
Surface	[OSM] Surface on the road within a 3m radius.
Buildings10	[OSM] Number of buildings within a 10m radius.
Buildings25	[OSM] Number of buildings within a 25m radius.
Buildings100	[OSM] Number of buildings within a 100m radius.
Buildings200	[OSM] Number of buildings within a 200m radius.
Roads0	[OSM] Number of roads connecting this point. Meant for selecting intersection locations.
Roads10	[OSM] Number of roads within a 10m radius.
Roads25	[OSM] Number of roads within a 25m radius.
Roads50	[OSM] Number of roads within a 50m radius.
Roads100	[OSM] Number of roads within a 100m radius.
Roads200	[OSM] Number of roads within a 200m radius.
Tunnels10	[OSM] Number of tunnels within a 10m radius. Locations are filtered on 0 tunnels by default.
Tunnels200	[OSM] Number of tunnels within a 200m radius.
IsResidential	[OSM] Whether any road is marked with landuse="residential" within a 100m radius.
ClosestCoast	[OSM] Distance to closest coastline in meters. Only works up to ~10 000 meters. Can be not set (null)
ClosestLake	[OSM] Distance to closest lake in meters. Only works up to ~10 000 meters. Can be not set (null).
ClosestRiver	[OSM] Distance to closest river in meters. Only works up to ~10 000 meters. Can be not set (null).
ClosestRailway	[OSM] Distance to closest railway in meters. Only works up to ~10 000 meters. Can be not set (null).
HighwayType	[OSM] Text representing the highway type. See road types below for possible values. If Roads0 is larger than 1 (location is at an intersection) HighwayType can have multiple values, aka HighwayType eq 'Living_street' and HighwayType eq 'Residential' is valid.
Month	[Google] The month of the coverage. Integer.
Year	[Google] The year of the coverage. Integer.
Lat	[Google] The latitude of the location. Number.
Lng	[Google] The longitude of the location. Number.
Heading	[Google] The default heading of the location. Corresponds to one of the "arrows". Number.
DrivingDirectionAngle	[Google] The direction of the front of the Google car. Integer between 0 and 359.
ArrowCount	[Google] The number of arrows, mostly corresponds to the possible number of directions you can go in. Integer.
Elevation	[Google] Meters above sea level.
DescriptionLength	[Google] The length of the "description" field in Google's API. Used to distinguish (estimate) trekker coverage. If you want to include all coverage, add DescriptionLength gt -1 to your respective location filter.
CountryCode	[Nominatim] Two character ISO 3166 country code.
SubdivisionCode	[Nominatim] ISO 3166-2 code for the subdivision. Mostly corresponding to data available at ISO_3166-2 (but with some exceptions.)
County	[Nominatim] Municipality/county name where available.

Operators

Operator	Description
eq	Equal to
neq	Not equal to
lt	Less than
lte	Less than or equal
gt	Greater than
gte	Greater than or equal
and	Logical AND
or	Logical OR
-	Minus
+	Plus
/	Divide
*	Multiply

Road types

• Motorway
• Trunk
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Motorway_link
• Trunk_link
• Primary_link
• Secondary_link
• Tertiary_link
• Unclassified
• Residential
• Living_street
• Service
• Track
• Road

With these building blocks we can write queries/expressions to filter out certain locations. Some examples:

Query	Description
Lat gt 66.6	Above the polar circle.
Month gte 9 and Month lte 11	Autumn coverage.
Year lte 2010	Gen2.
Roads200 eq 1 and Buildings200 eq 0	Rural coverage.
ClosestCoast lt 100	Coastal coverage.
Buildings25 gte 3 and Buildings100 gte 6	Urban-ish coverage?
Surface eq 'gravel' or Surface eq 'fine_gravel'	Gravel roads?

Filter locations globally

{
  "globalLocationFilter": "ClosestCoast lt 100 and Buildings100 gte 4"
}

Filter locations per country

{
  "countryLocationFilters": {
    "GR": "ClosestCoast lt 100 and Buildings100 gte 4"
  }
}

Filter locations per subdivision

{
  "subdivisionLocationFilters": {
    "GR": {
      "GR-M": "ClosestCoast lt 50",
      "GR-L": "ClosestCoast lt 100"
    }
  }
}

Location preference filtering

Sometimes you want a certain percentage of your map to contain one type of locations. Vali can help you try and achieve that. It's called preference filters and can be applied globally/per country or per subdivision. The filtering is applied after any location filtering as described above. Example showing how to achieve 25 % locations on unpaved roads and filling in the rest with any location:

{
  "globalLocationPreferenceFilters": [
    {
      "expression": "Surface neq 'paved' and Surface neq 'asphalt'",
      "percentage": 25,
      "fill": false
    },
    {
      "expression": "*",
      "percentage": null,
      "fill": true
    }
  ]
}

{
  "countryLocationPreferenceFilters": {
    "ES": [
      {
        "expression": "Surface neq 'paved' and Surface neq 'asphalt'",
        "percentage": 25,
        "fill": false
      },
      {
        "expression": "*",
        "percentage": null,
        "fill": true
      }
    ]
  }
}

{
  "subdivisionLocationPreferenceFilters": {
    "ES": {
      "ES-AN": [
        {
          "expression": "Surface neq 'paved' and Surface neq 'asphalt'",
          "percentage": 25,
          "fill": false
        },
        {
          "expression": "*",
          "percentage": null,
          "fill": true
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Location output adjustments

You can adjust the zoom on locations with globalZoom (range 0-3.6) and set the pitch with globalPitch (range -90 to 90). Heading can be set with globalHeadingExpression or countryHeadingExpressions. Examples:

{
  "output": {
    "globalHeadingExpression": "DrivingDirectionAngle + 90"
  }
}

{
  "output": {
    "countryHeadingExpressions": {
      "FR": "DrivingDirectionAngle + 90",
      "GB": "DrivingDirectionAngle + 270"
    }
  }
}

{
  "output": {
    "globalHeadingExpression": "",
    "globalPitch": -30,
    "globalZoom": 2.4
  }
}

Pano verification and selection

Vali offers functionality for verifying each location against Google streetview APIs to ensure no unofficial coverage and/or to select specific/non-default panorama ids. When panoVerificationStrategy is not empty, each location is checked and the specified strategy for pano selection is applied. The resulting map will then have locations with panoId set. Example:

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "LU"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 15000,
    "minMinDistance": 50,
    "treatCountriesAsSingleSubdivision": []
  },
  "globalLocationFilter": "",
  "output": {
    "panoVerificationStrategy": "Newest"
  }
}

Available strategies: Newest, Random, RandomNotNewest, RandomAvoidNewest, RandomNotOldest, RandomAvoidOldest, SecondNewest, Oldest, SecondOldest

Country code expansions

Most places that accept country code, can also accept special keywords that will expand into multiple country codes. Possible values:

• * -> All countries.
• europe -> Countries in Europe. If you only specify europe, inclusions and exclusions will also be filled when generating maps.
• asia -> Countries in Asia. If you only specify asia, inclusions and exclusions will also be filled when generating maps.
• africa -> Countries in Africa. If you only specify africa, inclusions and exclusions will also be filled when generating maps.
• southamerica -> Countries in South America.
• northamerica -> Countries in North America. If you only specify northamerica, inclusions and exclusions will also be filled when generating maps.
• oceania -> Countries in oceania. If you only specify oceania, inclusions and exclusions will also be filled when generating maps.
• lefthandtraffic -> Countries that drive on the left side of the road.
• righthandtraffic -> Countries that drive on the right side of the road.

Country distributions from famous maps

Default is acw. Possible values for distributionStrategy->countryDistributionFromMap:

• aarw
• aaw
• acw
• abw
• aiw
• proworld
• aow
• rainboltworld
• geotime
• lerg

Tagging locations

You can tag locations in output.locationTags. Available tags:

• SubdivisionCode
• County
• Surface
• Year
• Month
• YearMonth
• Elevation
• ArrowCount
• DescriptionLength
• Season
• HighwayType
• IsResidential
• Elevation500 - elevation in buckets of 500 meters. Elevation1000/Elevation10 etc.
• Buildings10 - exact number of buildings within 10 meters.
• Buildings25 - exact number of buildings within 25 meters.
• Buildings100 - exact number of buildings within 100 meters.
• Buildings200 - exact number of buildings within 200 meters.
• Roads0 - exact number of roads within 0 meters.
• Roads10 - exact number of roads within 10 meters.
• Roads25 - exact number of roads within 25 meters.
• Roads50 - exact number of roads within 50 meters.
• Roads100 - exact number of roads within 100 meters.
• Roads200 - exact number of roads within 200 meters.
• Buildings10-5 - number of buildings within 10 meters in buckets of 5, i.e. 0-4 buildings, 5-9 buildings etc.
• Buildings25-5 - number of buildings within 25 meters in buckets of 5, i.e. 0-4 buildings, 5-9 buildings etc.
• Buildings100-10 - number of buildings within 100 meters in buckets of 10, i.e. 0-9 buildings, 10-19 buildings etc.
• Buildings200-20 - number of buildings within 200 meters in buckets of 20, i.e. 0-19 buildings, 20-39 buildings etc.
• Roads0-3 - number of roads within 0 meters in buckets of 3, i.e. 0-2 roads, 3-5 roads etc.
• Roads10-5 - number of roads within 10 meters in buckets of 5, i.e. 0-4 roads, 5-9 roads etc.
• Roads25-5 - number of roads within 25 meters in buckets of 5, i.e. 0-4 roads, 5-9 roads etc.
• Roads50-10 - number of roads within 50 meters in buckets of 10, i.e. 0-9 roads, 10-19 roads etc.
• Roads100-10 - number of roads within 100 meters in buckets of 10, i.e. 0-9 roads, 10-19 roads etc.
• Roads200-20 - number of roads within 200 meters in buckets of 10, i.e. 0-19 roads, 20-39 roads etc.
• ClosestCoast-100 - distance to coast in buckets of 100 meters, i.e. 0-99 meters, 100-199 meters etc.
• ClosestLake-500 - distance to lake in buckets of 500 meters, i.e. 0-499 meters, 500-999 meters etc.
• ClosestRiver-2000 - distance to river in buckets of 2000 meters, i.e. 0-1999 meters, 2000-3999 meters etc.
• ClosestRailway-25 - distance to railway in buckets of 25 meters, i.e. 0-24 meters, 25-49 meters etc.
• DrivingDirectionAngle-45 - angle of driving direction in buckets of 45 degrees, i.e. 0-44 degrees, 45-89 degrees etc.

Full examples

With all the building blocks described above we can start creating real, serious maps.

A very skewed Europe

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "europe"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 25000,
    "minMinDistance": 200,
    "countryDistributionFromMap": "acw"
  },
  "output": {
    "countryHeadingExpressions": {
      "lefthandtraffic": "DrivingDirectionAngle + 270",
      "righthandtraffic": "DrivingDirectionAngle + 90"
    }
  }
}

A coastal Asia

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "asia"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 25000,
    "minMinDistance": 200,
    "countryDistributionFromMap": "acw"
  },
  "globalLocationFilter": "ClosestCoast lt 100"
}

An Arbitrary Rural World

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "*"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 111000,
    "minMinDistance": 50,
    "countryDistributionFromMap": "aarw",
    "treatCountriesAsSingleSubdivision": ["IL,UG,AE,QA,TN,AD,CW,DO,GH,GL,JO,KG,LA,MK,MT,SN,SG,TW"]
  },
  "globalLocationFilter": "Buildings200 eq 0 and Roads200 eq 1",
  "globalLocationPreferenceFilters": [
    {
      "expression": "Surface eq 'dirt' or Surface eq 'earth' or Surface eq 'fine_gravel' or Surface eq 'grass' or Surface eq 'gravel' or Surface eq 'ground' or Surface eq 'sand'",
      "percentage": 30,
      "locationTag": "dirty",
      "minMinDistance": 500
    },
    {
      "expression": "*",
      "percentage": null,
      "fill": true,
      "locationTag": "fill"
    }
  ],
  "panoIdCountryCodes": [],
  "output": {
    "locationTags": [
      "Year",
      "Month",
      "Season",
      "Elevation500"
    ]
  }
}

An Antenna Focused Gen3 Bulgaria

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "BG"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 12000,
    "minMinDistance": 200
  },
  "globalLocationFilter": "ArrowCount eq 2 and Year gt 2011 and Year lt 2019 and DrivingDirectionAngle neq 0",
  "output": {
    "globalHeadingExpression": "DrivingDirectionAngle + 180",
    "globalPitch": -30
  }
}

A Mostly Non-urban Terminus Hungary

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "HU"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 5000,
    "minMinDistance": 200
  },
  "globalLocationFilter": "ArrowCount eq 1 and Buildings100 eq 0"
}

A Degenerated Oceania

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "oceania"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 10000,
    "minMinDistance": 25
  },
  "countryDistribution": {
    "AS": 10,
    "AU": 10,
    "GU": 10,
    "MP": 10,
    "NZ": 10,
    "PN": 10,
    "US": 10,
    "UM": 10
  }
}

An Off-grid US

{
  "countryCodes": [
    "US"
  ],
  "distributionStrategy": {
    "key": "FixedCountByMaxMinDistance",
    "locationCountGoal": 80000,
    "minMinDistance": 500
  },
  "globalLocationFilter": "(DrivingDirectionAngle gt 10 and Heading gt 10 and DrivingDirectionAngle lt 80 and Heading lt 80) or (DrivingDirectionAngle gt 100 and Heading gt 100 and DrivingDirectionAngle lt 170 and Heading lt 170) or (DrivingDirectionAngle gt 190 and Heading gt 190 and DrivingDirectionAngle lt 260 and Heading lt 260) or (DrivingDirectionAngle gt 280 and Heading gt 280 and DrivingDirectionAngle lt 350 and Heading lt 350)"
}

Please remember

• Location count is not everything. The same goes for location spread and lack of clustering.
• Not all roads with coverage are included. It's ok. More will be added. And there are more than 100 million possible locations.
• Data quality can vary wildly, especially when it comes to OpenStreetMap. While that can be frustrating, it's just the way it is. Go contribute to make things better.
• Computer generating maps can be great, but it will not fully replace handpicked maps.
• This is a complex piece of software. Do not expect zero bugs.

Potentially asked questions

Can you turn it into a webpage?

I don't think so. Currently it's a very resource intensive program. Downloading/processing 15 GB of data is not something a web site is suitable for.

Why is Vali a command line application?

Because I have very little interest in creating a user interface for it, especially before it gains any kind of popularity.

Can you include more locations/roads in country X?

Maybe. The best chance for that is if you generate a JSON or csv with "Filter by minimum distance from locations" set to 1 km with as many locations as possible in country X and send it to me on discord. Only one country per file.

Why are there (relatively) few locations on straight stretches of road?

Each location in the location pool corresponds to an OSM "node". Nodes exist to describe roads and other features, so naturally there will be more locations in places with curves, buildings, other roads etc.

Run in Docker

Create a Dockerfile with the following content:

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.dotnet/tools"

then bulid the image.

docker build . -t vali-image

run it

docker run -it vali-image

and start using Vali as normal

dotnet tool install --global vali
...