Refactor verify_and_update write privileges check (backport #18468)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #18468 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of 72da25e has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/v1.7/pr-18468
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	both modified:   runtime/src/message_processor.rs
	both modified:   sdk/src/process_instruction.rs

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[mergify]

automerge label removed due to a CI failure

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #18484 (2885463) into v1.7 (ef20559) will decrease coverage by 0.1%.
The diff coverage is 80.3%.

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             v1.7   #18484     +/-   ##
=========================================
- Coverage    82.5%    82.3%   -0.2%     
=========================================
  Files         428      432      +4     
  Lines      120239   121428   +1189     
=========================================
+ Hits        99199    99949    +750     
- Misses      21040    21479    +439