Add winner tool

[jstarry]

Problem

Need transparent deterministic tooling for determining the winners of TdS

Summary of Changes

• Create a new CLI tool which behaves similarly to ledger-tool for the purpose of computing the TdS prize winners. This new tool will be moved to https://github.com/solana-labs/tour-de-sol once required runtime changes are shipped to crates.io
• Compute the winners for the "Most Rewards Earned" category by summing the balances of the vote and stake accounts which are attributed to a particular validator. Fixes: TdS Compensation: Compute rewards earned for each validator solana#6077
• Compute the winners for the "Confirmation Latency" category by processing the ledger entry by entry and tracking the order of votes received. Slow voters get docked a point, fast voters earn a point. Fixes: TdS Compensation: Compute average confirmation time for each validator solana#6078
• Compute the winners for the "Highest Availability" category by tracking voting and leader history. Missed leader slots are weighted higher than missed votes. Fixes: TdS Compensation: Compute availability for each validator solana#6080

Reference

https://forums.solana.com/t/tour-de-sol-stage-1-preliminary-compensation-design/79

Fixes solana-labs/solana#6076

[jstarry]

@mvines I've written the tool to output the winners (top 3 + percentile buckets), but it might just be simpler to have it write a couple CSVs with an ordered list of results for each category. Thoughts?

[jstarry]

Addressed feedback but have been investigating why my recent tests have not been seeing the expected number of vote and stake accounts from the bank. Will fix tests following that investigation! Fixed

EDIT: the reason was because I was testing the tool after cargo installing it and that doesn't work because the blocktree processor doesn't have the right paths to load the native programs 🤦‍♂

[jstarry]

@CriesofCarrots @mvines I've addressed feedback, added more tests, and verified the tool against a local cluster. Please take another look when you have time!

[mvines]

Can you please move this info, and other general operating instructions into a new section of https://github.com/solana-labs/tour-de-sol/blob/master/README-internal.md

[mvines]

Oh and one better (fine as a follow-up PR if that's easier): a new shell script like https://github.com/solana-labs/tour-de-sol/blob/master/bench-tps.sh that runs the tool with all the right settings against the actual TdS cluster.

[jstarry]

Great call #13

[mvines]

Looks great overall. This PR is starting to get pretty hard to review due to it's size, time to just land it and use follow-up PRs IMO