Upgrade images from Debian 12 (jammy) to 13 (trixie) and LLVM 12 to 20

[leighmcculloch]

What

Upgrade all base Docker images from Debian 12 (bookworm) to Debian 13 (trixie). Update Ubuntu from 22.04 to 24.04, Rust from bookworm to trixie variant, Golang from 1.24-bookworm to 1.24-trixie, and Node from 22-bookworm to 22-trixie. Update Clang from version 12 to 20 and corresponding libc++ libraries. Replace deprecated netcat with netcat-openbsd and update sqlite to sqlite3.

Why

Stellar-core is moving to support only Ubuntu 24.04 and LLVM 20. All the software versions already included in all images defined in images.json should already be compatible with building on and with these tools, so upgrading now should be a-ok.

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR upgrades the Docker base images and build toolchain to support newer versions: Debian 12 (bookworm) to Debian 13 (trixie), Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04, and LLVM/Clang from version 12 to 20. The changes align with stellar-core's move to support only Ubuntu 24.04 and LLVM 20.

Key changes:

• Updated all base Docker images (rust, golang, node) from bookworm to trixie variants
• Upgraded Ubuntu from 22.04 to 24.04 for core builder and quickstart stages
• Updated Clang and libc++ libraries from version 12 to version 20
• Replaced deprecated packages (netcat → netcat-openbsd, sqlite → sqlite3)

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 2 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

File	Description
Dockerfile	Updates base image tags for all builder stages (rust, golang, node, ubuntu) and updates LLVM/Clang compiler versions from 12 to 20, along with corresponding libc++ library versions
dependencies	Updates runtime dependencies to use netcat-openbsd instead of netcat, sqlite3 instead of sqlite, and libc++ libraries version 20 instead of version 12

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[anupsdf]

Stellar-core is moving to support only Ubuntu 24.04 and LLVM 20

I might have caused some confusion. stellar-core would support both 24.04 and 22.04. Jammy 22.04 is not at end of life for standard support for another 1.5 years, so we will support it till then.

[leighmcculloch]

I might have caused some confusion. stellar-core would support both 24.04 and 22.04. Jammy 22.04 is not at end of life for standard support for another 1.5 years, so we will support it till then.

No worries. If core is moving to do supercluster test runs on 24.04 would still prefer to target 24.04. Although it doesn't really matter. Overall this change should still be okay and it means quickstart's final image is using a newer version of ubuntu.

[leighmcculloch]

I also had to update postgres to v16, although we could install v14 from another apt repo. Horizon is tested with v16 so I think that's okay.

However, this will be presumably disruptive to anyone running long running quickstart images to get a new versions of postgres. So maybe we need to think about announcing this and delaying merging. Or we could discard this change as a whole and pick it up in 1.5 years per @anupsdf's comment.