PrettyTable

PrettyTable lets you print tables in an attractive ASCII form:

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| Adelaide  | 1295 |  1158259   |      600.5      |
| Brisbane  | 5905 |  1857594   |      1146.4     |
| Darwin    | 112  |   120900   |      1714.7     |
| Hobart    | 1357 |   205556   |      619.5      |
| Melbourne | 1566 |  3806092   |      646.9      |
| Perth     | 5386 |  1554769   |      869.4      |
| Sydney    | 2058 |  4336374   |      1214.8     |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

Installation

Install via pip:

python -m pip install -U prettytable

Install latest development version:

python -m pip install -U git+https://github.com/prettytable/prettytable

Or from requirements.txt:

-e git://github.com/prettytable/prettytable.git#egg=prettytable

Tutorial on how to use the PrettyTable API

Getting your data into (and out of) the table

Let's suppose you have a shiny new PrettyTable:

from prettytable import PrettyTable
table = PrettyTable()

and you want to put some data into it. You have a few options.

Row by row

You can add data one row at a time. To do this you can set the field names first using the field_names attribute, and then add the rows one at a time using the add_row method:

table.field_names = ["City name", "Area", "Population", "Annual Rainfall"]
table.add_row(["Adelaide", 1295, 1158259, 600.5])
table.add_row(["Brisbane", 5905, 1857594, 1146.4])
table.add_row(["Darwin", 112, 120900, 1714.7])
table.add_row(["Hobart", 1357, 205556, 619.5])
table.add_row(["Sydney", 2058, 4336374, 1214.8])
table.add_row(["Melbourne", 1566, 3806092, 646.9])
table.add_row(["Perth", 5386, 1554769, 869.4])

All rows at once

When you have a list of rows, you can add them in one go with add_rows:

table.field_names = ["City name", "Area", "Population", "Annual Rainfall"]
table.add_rows(
    [
        ["Adelaide", 1295, 1158259, 600.5],
        ["Brisbane", 5905, 1857594, 1146.4],
        ["Darwin", 112, 120900, 1714.7],
        ["Hobart", 1357, 205556, 619.5],
        ["Sydney", 2058, 4336374, 1214.8],
        ["Melbourne", 1566, 3806092, 646.9],
        ["Perth", 5386, 1554769, 869.4],
    ]
)

Column by column

You can add data one column at a time as well. To do this you use the add_column method, which takes two arguments - a string which is the name for the field the column you are adding corresponds to, and a list or tuple which contains the column data:

table.add_column("City name",
["Adelaide","Brisbane","Darwin","Hobart","Sydney","Melbourne","Perth"])
table.add_column("Area", [1295, 5905, 112, 1357, 2058, 1566, 5386])
table.add_column("Population", [1158259, 1857594, 120900, 205556, 4336374, 3806092,
1554769])
table.add_column("Annual Rainfall",[600.5, 1146.4, 1714.7, 619.5, 1214.8, 646.9,
869.4])

Mixing and matching

If you really want to, you can even mix and match add_row and add_column and build some of your table in one way and some of it in the other. Tables built this way are kind of confusing for other people to read, though, so don't do this unless you have a good reason.

Importing data from a CSV file

If you have your table data in a comma-separated values file (.csv), you can read this data into a PrettyTable like this:

from prettytable import from_csv
with open("myfile.csv") as fp:
    mytable = from_csv(fp)

Importing data from a database cursor

If you have your table data in a database which you can access using a library which confirms to the Python DB-API (e.g. an SQLite database accessible using the sqlite module), then you can build a PrettyTable using a cursor object, like this:

import sqlite3
from prettytable import from_db_cursor

connection = sqlite3.connect("mydb.db")
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT field1, field2, field3 FROM my_table")
mytable = from_db_cursor(cursor)

Getting data out

There are three ways to get data out of a PrettyTable, in increasing order of completeness:

• The del_row method takes an integer index of a single row to delete.
• The del_column method takes a field name of a single column to delete.
• The clear_rows method takes no arguments and deletes all the rows in the table - but keeps the field names as they were so you that you can repopulate it with the same kind of data.
• The clear method takes no arguments and deletes all rows and all field names. It's not quite the same as creating a fresh table instance, though - style related settings, discussed later, are maintained.

Displaying your table in ASCII form

PrettyTable's main goal is to let you print tables in an attractive ASCII form, like this:

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| Adelaide  | 1295 |  1158259   |      600.5      |
| Brisbane  | 5905 |  1857594   |      1146.4     |
| Darwin    | 112  |   120900   |      1714.7     |
| Hobart    | 1357 |   205556   |      619.5      |
| Melbourne | 1566 |  3806092   |      646.9      |
| Perth     | 5386 |  1554769   |      869.4      |
| Sydney    | 2058 |  4336374   |      1214.8     |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

You can print tables like this to stdout or get string representations of them.

Printing

To print a table in ASCII form, you can just do this:

print(table)

The old table.printt() method from versions 0.5 and earlier has been removed.

To pass options changing the look of the table, use the get_string() method documented below:

print(table.get_string())

Stringing

If you don't want to actually print your table in ASCII form but just get a string containing what would be printed if you use print(table), you can use the get_string method:

mystring = table.get_string()

This string is guaranteed to look exactly the same as what would be printed by doing print(table). You can now do all the usual things you can do with a string, like write your table to a file or insert it into a GUI.

The table can be displayed in several different formats using get_formatted_string by changing the out_format=<text|html|json|csv|latex>. This function passes through arguments to the functions that render the table, so additional arguments can be given. This provides a way to let a user choose the output formatting.

def my_cli_function(table_format: str = 'text'):
  ...
  print(table.get_formatted_string(table_format))

Controlling which data gets displayed

If you like, you can restrict the output of print(table) or table.get_string to only the fields or rows you like.

The fields argument to these methods takes a list of field names to be printed:

print(table.get_string(fields=["City name", "Population"]))

gives:

+-----------+------------+
| City name | Population |
+-----------+------------+
| Adelaide  |  1158259   |
| Brisbane  |  1857594   |
| Darwin    |   120900   |
| Hobart    |   205556   |
| Melbourne |  3806092   |
| Perth     |  1554769   |
| Sydney    |  4336374   |
+-----------+------------+

The start and end arguments take the index of the first and last row to print respectively. Note that the indexing works like Python list slicing - to print the 2nd, 3rd and 4th rows of the table, set start to 1 (the first row is row 0, so the second is row 1) and set end to 4 (the index of the 4th row, plus 1):

print(table.get_string(start=1, end=4))

prints:

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| Brisbane  | 5905 |    1857594 | 1146.4          |
| Darwin    | 112  |     120900 | 1714.7          |
| Hobart    | 1357 |     205556 | 619.5           |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

Changing the alignment of columns

By default, all columns in a table are centre aligned.

All columns at once

You can change the alignment of all the columns in a table at once by assigning a one character string to the align attribute. The allowed strings are "l", "r" and "c" for left, right and centre alignment, respectively:

table.align = "r"
print(table)

gives:

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
|  Adelaide | 1295 |    1158259 |           600.5 |
|  Brisbane | 5905 |    1857594 |          1146.4 |
|    Darwin |  112 |     120900 |          1714.7 |
|    Hobart | 1357 |     205556 |           619.5 |
| Melbourne | 1566 |    3806092 |           646.9 |
|     Perth | 5386 |    1554769 |           869.4 |
|    Sydney | 2058 |    4336374 |          1214.8 |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

One column at a time

You can also change the alignment of individual columns based on the corresponding field name by treating the align attribute as if it were a dictionary.

table.align["City name"] = "l"
table.align["Area"] = "c"
table.align["Population"] = "r"
table.align["Annual Rainfall"] = "c"
print(table)

gives:

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| Adelaide  | 1295 |    1158259 |      600.5      |
| Brisbane  | 5905 |    1857594 |      1146.4     |
| Darwin    | 112  |     120900 |      1714.7     |
| Hobart    | 1357 |     205556 |      619.5      |
| Melbourne | 1566 |    3806092 |      646.9      |
| Perth     | 5386 |    1554769 |      869.4      |
| Sydney    | 2058 |    4336374 |      1214.8     |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

Sorting your table by a field

You can make sure that your ASCII tables are produced with the data sorted by one particular field by giving get_string a sortby keyword argument, which must be a string containing the name of one field.

For example, to print the example table we built earlier of Australian capital city data, so that the most populated city comes last, we can do this:

print(table.get_string(sortby="Population"))

to get:

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| Darwin    | 112  |   120900   |      1714.7     |
| Hobart    | 1357 |   205556   |      619.5      |
| Adelaide  | 1295 |  1158259   |      600.5      |
| Perth     | 5386 |  1554769   |      869.4      |
| Brisbane  | 5905 |  1857594   |      1146.4     |
| Melbourne | 1566 |  3806092   |      646.9      |
| Sydney    | 2058 |  4336374   |      1214.8     |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

If we want the most populated city to come first, we can also give a reversesort=True argument.

If you always want your tables to be sorted in a certain way, you can make the setting long-term like this:

table.sortby = "Population"
print(table)
print(table)
print(table)

All three tables printed by this code will be sorted by population (you could do table.reversesort = True as well, if you wanted). The behaviour will persist until you turn it off:

table.sortby = None

If you want to specify a custom sorting function, you can use the sort_key keyword argument. Pass this a function which accepts two lists of values and returns a negative or positive value depending on whether the first list should appear before or after the second one. If your table has n columns, each list will have n+1 elements. Each list corresponds to one row of the table. The first element will be whatever data is in the relevant row, in the column specified by the sort_by argument. The remaining n elements are the data in each of the table's columns, in order, including a repeated instance of the data in the sort_by column.

Adding sections to a table

You can divide your table into different sections using the divider argument. This will add a dividing line into the table under the row who has this field set. So we can set up a table like this:

table = PrettyTable()
table.field_names = ["City name", "Area", "Population", "Annual Rainfall"]
table.add_row(["Adelaide", 1295, 1158259, 600.5])
table.add_row(["Brisbane", 5905, 1857594, 1146.4])
table.add_row(["Darwin", 112, 120900, 1714.7])
table.add_row(["Hobart", 1357, 205556, 619.5], divider=True)
table.add_row(["Melbourne", 1566, 3806092, 646.9])
table.add_row(["Perth", 5386, 1554769, 869.4])
table.add_row(["Sydney", 2058, 4336374, 1214.8])

to get a table like this:

+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| City name | Area | Population | Annual Rainfall |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
|  Adelaide | 1295 |  1158259   |      600.5      |
|  Brisbane | 5905 |  1857594   |      1146.4     |
|   Darwin  | 112  |   120900   |      1714.7     |
|   Hobart  | 1357 |   205556   |      619.5      |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+
| Melbourne | 1566 |  3806092   |      646.9      |
|   Perth   | 5386 |  1554769   |      869.4      |
|   Sydney  | 2058 |  4336374   |      1214.8     |
+-----------+------+------------+-----------------+

Any added dividers will be removed if a table is sorted.

Changing the appearance of your table - the easy way

By default, PrettyTable produces ASCII tables that look like the ones used in SQL database shells. But it can print them in a variety of other formats as well. If the format you want to use is common, PrettyTable makes this easy for you to do using the set_style method. If you want to produce an uncommon table, you'll have to do things slightly harder (see later).

Setting a table style

You can set the style for your table using the set_style method before any calls to print or get_string. Here's how to print a table in Markdown format:

from prettytable import MARKDOWN
table.set_style(MARKDOWN)
print(table)

In addition to MARKDOWN you can use these in-built styles:

• DEFAULT - The default look, used to undo any style changes you may have made
• PLAIN_COLUMNS - A borderless style that works well with command line programs for columnar data
• MSWORD_FRIENDLY - A format which works nicely with Microsoft Word's "Convert to table" feature
• ORGMODE - A table style that fits Org mode syntax
• SINGLE_BORDER and DOUBLE_BORDER - Styles that use continuous single/double border lines with Box drawing characters for a fancier display on terminal

Other styles are likely to appear in future releases.

Changing the appearance of your table - the hard way

If you want to display your table in a style other than one of the in-built styles listed above, you'll have to set things up the hard way.

Don't worry, it's not really that hard!

Style options

PrettyTable has a number of style options which control various aspects of how tables are displayed. You have the freedom to set each of these options individually to whatever you prefer. The set_style method just does this automatically for you.

The options are:

Option	Details
border	A Boolean option (must be True or False). Controls whether a border is drawn inside and around the table.
preserve_internal_border	A Boolean option (must be True or False). Controls whether borders are still drawn within the table even when border=False.
header	A Boolean option (must be True or False). Controls whether the first row of the table is a header showing the names of all the fields.
hrules	Controls printing of horizontal rules after rows. Allowed values: FRAME, HEADER, ALL, NONE.
HEADER, ALL, NONE	These are variables defined inside the prettytable module so make sure you import them or use prettytable.FRAME etc.
vrules	Controls printing of vertical rules between columns. Allowed values: FRAME, ALL, NONE.
int_format	A string which controls the way integer data is printed. This works like: print("%<int_format>d" % data).
float_format	A string which controls the way floating point data is printed. This works like: print("%<float_format>f" % data).
custom_format	A dictionary of field and callable. This allows you to set any format you want pf.custom_format["my_col_int"] = lambda f, v: f"{v:,}". The type of the callable is Callable[[str, Any], str]
padding_width	Number of spaces on either side of column data (only used if left and right paddings are None).
left_padding_width	Number of spaces on left-hand side of column data.
right_padding_width	Number of spaces on right-hand side of column data.
vertical_char	Single character string used to draw vertical lines. Default: |.
horizontal_char	Single character string used to draw horizontal lines. Default: -.
_horizontal_align_char	Single character string used to indicate column alignment in horizontal lines. Default: : for Markdown, otherwise None.
junction_char	Single character string used to draw line junctions. Default: +.
top_junction_char	Single character string used to draw top line junctions. Default: junction_char.
bottom_junction_char	single character string used to draw bottom line junctions. Default: junction_char.
right_junction_char	Single character string used to draw right line junctions. Default: junction_char.
left_junction_char	Single character string used to draw left line junctions. Default: junction_char.
top_right_junction_char	Single character string used to draw top-right line junctions. Default: junction_char.
top_left_junction_char	Single character string used to draw top-left line junctions. Default: junction_char.
bottom_right_junction_char	Single character string used to draw bottom-right line junctions. Default: junction_char.
bottom_left_junction_char	Single character string used to draw bottom-left line junctions. Default: junction_char.

You can set the style options to your own settings in two ways:

Setting style options for the long term

If you want to print your table with a different style several times, you can set your option for the long term just by changing the appropriate attributes. If you never want your tables to have borders you can do this:

table.border = False
print(table)
print(table)
print(table)

Neither of the 3 tables printed by this will have borders, even if you do things like add extra rows in between them. The lack of borders will last until you do:

table.border = True

to turn them on again. This sort of long-term setting is exactly how set_style works. set_style just sets a bunch of attributes to pre-set values for you.

Note that if you know what style options you want at the moment you are creating your table, you can specify them using keyword arguments to the constructor. For example, the following two code blocks are equivalent:

table = PrettyTable()
table.border = False
table.header = False
table.padding_width = 5

table = PrettyTable(border=False, header=False, padding_width=5)

Changing style options just once

If you don't want to make long-term style changes by changing an attribute like in the previous section, you can make changes that last for just one get_string by giving those methods keyword arguments. To print two "normal" tables with one borderless table between them, you could do this:

print(table)
print(table.get_string(border=False))
print(table)

Changing the appearance of your table - with colors!

PrettyTable has the functionality of printing your table with ANSI color codes. This includes support for most Windows versions through Colorama. To get started, import the ColorTable class instead of PrettyTable.

-from prettytable import PrettyTable
+from prettytable.colortable import ColorTable

The ColorTable class can be used the same as PrettyTable, but it adds an extra property. You can now specify a custom theme that will format your table with colors.

from prettytable.colortable import ColorTable, Themes

table = ColorTable(theme=Themes.OCEAN)

print(table)

Creating a custom theme

The Theme class allows you to customize both the characters and colors used in your table.

Argument	Description
default_color	The color to use as default
vertical_char, horizontal_char, and junction_char	The characters used for creating the outline of the table
vertical_color, horizontal_color, and junction_color	The colors used to style each character.

Note: Colors are formatted with the Theme.format_code(s: str) function. It accepts a string. If the string starts with an escape code (like \x1b) then it will return the given string. If the string is just whitespace, it will return "". If the string is a number (like "34"), it will automatically format it into an escape code. I recommend you look into the source code for more information.

Displaying your table in JSON

PrettyTable will also print your tables in JSON, as a list of fields and an array of rows. Just like in ASCII form, you can actually get a string representation - just use get_json_string().

Displaying your table in HTML form

PrettyTable will also print your tables in HTML form, as <table>s. Just like in ASCII form, you can actually get a string representation - just use get_html_string(). HTML printing supports the fields, start, end, sortby and reversesort arguments in exactly the same way as ASCII printing.

Styling HTML tables

By default, PrettyTable outputs HTML for "vanilla" tables. The HTML code is quite simple. It looks like this:

<table>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>City name</th>
      <th>Area</th>
      <th>Population</th>
      <th>Annual Rainfall</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Adelaide</td>
      <td>1295</td>
      <td>1158259</td>
      <td>600.5</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Brisbane</td>
      <td>5905</td>
      <td>1857594</td>
      <td>1146.4</td>
      ...
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

If you like, you can ask PrettyTable to do its best to mimic the style options that your table has set using inline CSS. This is done by giving a format=True keyword argument to get_html_string method. Note that if you always want to print formatted HTML you can do:

table.format = True

and the setting will persist until you turn it off.

Just like with ASCII tables, if you want to change the table's style for just one get_html_string you can pass those methods' keyword arguments - exactly like print and get_string.

Setting HTML attributes

You can provide a dictionary of HTML attribute name/value pairs to the get_html_string method using the attributes keyword argument. This lets you specify common HTML attributes like id and class that can be used for linking to your tables or customising their appearance using CSS. For example:

print(table.get_html_string(attributes={"id":"my_table", "class":"red_table"}))

will print:

<table id="my_table" class="red_table">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>City name</th>
      <th>Area</th>
      <th>Population</th>
      <th>Annual Rainfall</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      ... ... ...
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

Setting HTML escaping

By default, PrettyTable will escape the data contained in the header and data fields when sending output to HTML. This can be disabled by setting the escape_header and escape_data to false. For example:

print(table.get_html_string(escape_header=False, escape_data=False))

Miscellaneous things

Copying a table

You can call the copy method on a PrettyTable object without arguments to return an identical independent copy of the table.

If you want a copy of a PrettyTable object with just a subset of the rows, you can use list slicing notation:

new_table = old_table[0:5]

Contributing

After editing files, use the Black linter to auto-format changed lines.

python -m pip install black
black prettytable*.py