Since TensorFlow 2.6, the HDFS and S3 support of tf.io.gfile have moved to tensorflow-io package (tensorflow/tensorflow#51583).
Therefore, TensorBoard with TensorFlow 2.6 can not read files in the HDFS or S3 as it is.
Explicitly importing tensorflow_io module before running TensorBoard is helpful for me.
python -c 'import tensorflow_io,tensorboard.main; tensorboard.main.run_main()' --port 6066 --logdir hdfs://path/to/dir
However, it might be better to import tensorflow_io automatically in TensorBoard if the package is installed.