query: add partition labels flag

The distributed engine decides when to push down certain operations by
checking if the external labels are still present, i.e. we can push down
a binary operation if its vector matching includes all external labels.
This is great but if you have multiple external labels that are
irrelevant for the partition this is problematic since query authors
must be aware of those irrelevant labels and must incorporate them into
their queries.
This PR attempts to solve that by giving an option to focus on the
labels that are relevant for the partition.

Signed-off-by: Michael Hoffmann <mhoffm@posteo.de>

cmd/thanos/query.go

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ func registerQuery(app *extkingpin.App) {
 
 	queryReplicaLabels := cmd.Flag("query.replica-label", "Labels to treat as a replica indicator along which data is deduplicated. Still you will be able to query without deduplication using 'dedup=false' parameter. Data includes time series, recording rules, and alerting rules.").
 		Strings()
+	queryPartitionLabels := cmd.Flag("query.partition-label", "Labels that partition the leaf queriers. This is used to scope down the labelsets of leaf queriers when using the distributed query mode. If set, these labels must form a partition of the leaf queriers. Partition labels must not intersect with replica labels. Every TSDB of a leaf querier must have these labels. This is useful when there are multiple external labels that are irrelevant for the partition as it allows the distributed engine to ignore them for some optimizations.").Strings()
 
 	instantDefaultMaxSourceResolution := extkingpin.ModelDuration(cmd.Flag("query.instant.default.max_source_resolution", "default value for max_source_resolution for instant queries. If not set, defaults to 0s only taking raw resolution into account. 1h can be a good value if you use instant queries over time ranges that incorporate times outside of your raw-retention.").Default("0s").Hidden())
 
@@ -326,6 +327,7 @@ func registerQuery(app *extkingpin.App) {
 			time.Duration(*storeResponseTimeout),
 			*queryConnMetricLabels,
 			*queryReplicaLabels,
+			*queryPartitionLabels,
 			selectorLset,
 			getFlagsMap(cmd.Flags()),
 			*endpoints,
@@ -407,6 +409,7 @@ func runQuery(
 	storeResponseTimeout time.Duration,
 	queryConnMetricLabels []string,
 	queryReplicaLabels []string,
+	queryPartitionLabels []string,
 	selectorLset labels.Labels,
 	flagsMap map[string]string,
 	endpointAddrs []string,
@@ -682,6 +685,7 @@ func runQuery(
 		remoteEngineEndpoints = query.NewRemoteEndpoints(logger, endpoints.GetQueryAPIClients, query.Opts{
 			AutoDownsample:        enableAutodownsampling,
 			ReplicaLabels:         queryReplicaLabels,
+			PartitionLabels:       queryPartitionLabels,
 			Timeout:               queryTimeout,
 			EnablePartialResponse: enableQueryPartialResponse,
 		})

pkg/query/remote_engine.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import (
 type Opts struct {
 	AutoDownsample        bool
 	ReplicaLabels         []string
+	PartitionLabels       []string
 	Timeout               time.Duration
 	EnablePartialResponse bool
 }
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ func (r *remoteEngine) MinT() int64 {
 			hashBuf               = make([]byte, 0, 128)
 			highestMintByLabelSet = make(map[uint64]int64)
 		)
-		for _, lset := range r.infosWithoutReplicaLabels() {
+		for _, lset := range r.adjustedInfos() {
 			key, _ := labelpb.LabelpbLabelsToPromLabels(lset.Labels.Labels).HashWithoutLabels(hashBuf)
 			lsetMinT, ok := highestMintByLabelSet[key]
 			if !ok {
@@ -152,16 +153,22 @@ func (r *remoteEngine) MaxT() int64 {
 
 func (r *remoteEngine) LabelSets() []labels.Labels {
 	r.labelSetsOnce.Do(func() {
-		r.labelSets = r.infosWithoutReplicaLabels().LabelSets()
+		r.labelSets = r.adjustedInfos().LabelSets()
 	})
 	return r.labelSets
 }
 
-func (r *remoteEngine) infosWithoutReplicaLabels() infopb.TSDBInfos {
+// adjustedInfos strips out replica labels and scopes the remaining labels
+// onto the partition labels if they are set.
+func (r *remoteEngine) adjustedInfos() infopb.TSDBInfos {
 	replicaLabelSet := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, lbl := range r.opts.ReplicaLabels {
 		replicaLabelSet[lbl] = struct{}{}
 	}
+	partitionLabelsSet := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, lbl := range r.opts.PartitionLabels {
+		partitionLabelsSet[lbl] = struct{}{}
+	}
 
 	// Strip replica labels from the result.
 	infos := make(infopb.TSDBInfos, 0, len(r.client.tsdbInfos))
@@ -172,6 +179,9 @@ func (r *remoteEngine) infosWithoutReplicaLabels() infopb.TSDBInfos {
 			if _, ok := replicaLabelSet[lbl.Name]; ok {
 				continue
 			}
+			if _, ok := partitionLabelsSet[lbl.Name]; !ok && len(partitionLabelsSet) > 0 {
+				continue
+			}
 			builder.Add(lbl.Name, lbl.Value)
 		}
 		infos = append(infos, infopb.NewTSDBInfo(

pkg/query/remote_engine_test.go

@@ -62,10 +62,11 @@ func TestRemoteEngine_Warnings(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRemoteEngine_LabelSets(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		name          string
-		tsdbInfos     []*infopb.TSDBInfo
-		replicaLabels []string
-		expected      []labels.Labels
+		name            string
+		tsdbInfos       []*infopb.TSDBInfo
+		replicaLabels   []string
+		partitionLabels []string
+		expected        []labels.Labels
 	}{
 		{
 			name:      "empty label sets",
@@ -103,13 +104,24 @@ func TestRemoteEngine_LabelSets(t *testing.T) {
 			replicaLabels: []string{"a", "b"},
 			expected:      []labels.Labels{labels.FromStrings("c", "2")},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "non-empty label sets with partition labels",
+			tsdbInfos: []*infopb.TSDBInfo{
+				{
+					Labels: labelSetFromStrings("a", "1", "c", "2"),
+				},
+			},
+			partitionLabels: []string{"a"},
+			expected:        []labels.Labels{labels.FromStrings("a", "1")},
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, testCase := range tests {
 		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			client := NewClient(nil, "", testCase.tsdbInfos)
 			engine := NewRemoteEngine(log.NewNopLogger(), client, Opts{
-				ReplicaLabels: testCase.replicaLabels,
+				ReplicaLabels:   testCase.replicaLabels,
+				PartitionLabels: testCase.partitionLabels,
 			})
 
 			testutil.Equals(t, testCase.expected, engine.LabelSets())