apacheGH-40400: [C++] Add support for LLD (apache#40927)

### Rationale for this change

Add support for the LLD LLVM linker, it is faster than the default linker.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Added `ARROW_USE_LLD` as a CMake option, test if GCC supports the flags and then set the linker flags if so when the option is enabled.

### Are these changes tested?

When this is enabled then the libraries and tests will use the linker flag.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* GitHub Issue: apache#40400

Authored-by: Marcus D. Hanwell <marcus@voltrondata.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh

@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ else
  -DARROW_USE_CCACHE=${ARROW_USE_CCACHE:-ON} \
  -DARROW_USE_GLOG=${ARROW_USE_GLOG:-OFF} \
  -DARROW_USE_LD_GOLD=${ARROW_USE_LD_GOLD:-OFF} \
+ -DARROW_USE_LLD=${ARROW_USE_LLD:-OFF} \
  -DARROW_USE_MOLD=${ARROW_USE_MOLD:-OFF} \
  -DARROW_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=${ARROW_USE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS:-OFF} \
  -DARROW_USE_STATIC_CRT=${ARROW_USE_STATIC_CRT:-OFF} \

cpp/cmake_modules/SetupCxxFlags.cmake

@@ -679,12 +679,7 @@ if(ARROW_USE_LLD)
  )
  endif()
  elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
- if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "12.0.0")
- set(LLD_LINKER_FLAGS "--ld-path=${LD_LLD}")
- else()
- message(STATUS "Need clang 12.0.0 or later to use LLD linker: ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION}"
- )
- endif()
+ set(LLD_LINKER_FLAGS "--ld-path=${LD_LLD}")
  else()
  message(STATUS "Using the default linker because compiler doesn't support LLD: ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}"
  )