Traefik + HTTP3

Prerequesites

eksctl

Getting started

Create kubernetes cluster with eksctl

export AWS_REGION=eu-north-1
export CLUSTER_NAME=traefik-http3
export KUBECONFIG=${HOME}/.kube/traefik-http3

## Create the EKS cluster
eksctl create cluster \
 --name ${CLUSTER_NAME} \
 --region ${AWS_REGION} \
 --version 1.21

It takes arround 20 minutes to have the cluster up and running.

Check that you can access to the created cluster

kubectl get nodes

NAME                                            STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
ip-192-168-45-130.eu-north-1.compute.internal   Ready    <none>   102s   v1.21.5-eks-bc4871b
ip-192-168-87-177.eu-north-1.compute.internal   Ready    <none>   104s   v1.21.5-eks-bc4871b

Install traefik

Here we will install Traefik Ingress Controller into our EKS cluster to support HTTP/3.

This is a classic Traefik installation in kubernetes, we will first install the CRDs, and creates some RBAC to allow traefik to communication with the Kubernetes API and then create a deployment.

The important part is on the deployment, because we have to configure Traefik to support HTTP/3.

This feature is experimental on Traefik, so we will have to add the following argument: --experimental.http3 in the static configuration.

Once it is activated, we have to enable HTTP/3 on the websecure entrypoint with this argument: --entrypoints.websecure.http3

Install Traefik

kubectl apply -f traefik/

Check that traefik is up and running.

kubectl get pods

One he is running we have to find the way to expose it on the internet.

Let's create a Kubernetes service of Type LoadBalancer and add annotations to ask for a NetworkLoadBalancer on AWS. HTTP/3 is running on QUIC, so it means that we need to have a LoadBalancer listening on TCP and UDP on the same port.

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik
  annotations:
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" # Ask for a Network Load Balancer on AWS
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      name: web
      port: 80
    - protocol: TCP # We have to listen on TCP on port 443
      name: websecure-tcp
      port: 443
    - protocol: UDP # We have to listen on UDP on port 443 for HTTP/3
      name: websecure-udp
      port: 443
  selector:
    app: traefik

Deploy the LoadBalancer service

kubectl apply -f traefik/services/3-service-lb.yaml

The Service "traefik" is invalid: spec.ports: Invalid value: []core.ServicePort{core.ServicePort{Name:"web", Protocol:"TCP", AppProtocol:(*string)(nil), Port:80, TargetPort:intstr.IntOrString{Type:0, IntVal:80, StrVal:""}, NodePort:0}, core.ServicePort{Name:"websecure-tcp", Protocol:"TCP", AppProtocol:(*string)(nil), Port:443, TargetPort:intstr.IntOrString{Type:0, IntVal:443, StrVal:""}, NodePort:0}, core.ServicePort{Name:"websecure-udp", Protocol:"UDP", AppProtocol:(*string)(nil), Port:443, TargetPort:intstr.IntOrString{Type:0, IntVal:443, StrVal:""}, NodePort:0}}: may not contain more than 1 protocol when type is 'LoadBalancer'

As you can see in the ouput, we are not authorized to create a LoadBalancer listing on both TCP and UDP at the same time. It is due to a limitation on the AWS LoadBalancer Controller

As a workarround, we will have to create a service NodePort and creates the NLB manually.

Deploy the NodePort service

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      name: web
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30442
      port: 80
    - protocol: TCP
      name: websecure-tcp
      targetPort: 443
      nodePort: 30443
      port: 443
    - protocol: UDP
      name: websecure-udp
      targetPort: 443
      nodePort: 30443
      port: 443
  selector:
    app: traefik

## Deploy a NodePort service.
kubectl apply -f traefik/services/3-service-node-port.yaml

Get useful info about the clutser:

## Retrieve the VPC ID.
VPC_ID=$(aws eks describe-cluster --name ${CLUSTER_NAME} --query 'cluster.resourcesVpcConfig.vpcId' --output=text)

## Retrieve the node group ID.
NODE_GROUP_ID=$(aws eks list-nodegroups --cluster-name=${CLUSTER_NAME} --query 'nodegroups[0]' --output text)

## Retrieve instances subnet IDs.
INSTANCES_SUBNET_IDS=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --filters Name=network-interface.vpc-id,Values=$VPC_ID "Name=tag:eks:nodegroup-name,Values=$NODE_GROUP_ID" --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].SubnetId' --output text | tr '\n' ' ')

Create the NLB

## Create the Network Load Balancer with subnets retrieve just before.
aws elbv2 create-load-balancer --name ${CLUSTER_NAME} \
  --type network \
  --subnets $(echo ${INSTANCES_SUBNET_IDS})

Create Target group for the NLB

TG_NAME=${CLUSTER_NAME}-tg

## Create a TCP target group for web entrypoint on port 30442.
aws elbv2 create-target-group --name ${TG_NAME}-web --protocol TCP --port 30442 --vpc-id ${VPC_ID} \
  --health-check-protocol TCP \
  --health-check-port 30442 \
  --target-type instance

## Create a TCP_UDP target group for websecure entrypoint on port 30443.
aws elbv2 create-target-group --name ${TG_NAME}-websecure --protocol TCP_UDP --port 30443 --vpc-id ${VPC_ID} \
  --health-check-protocol TCP \
  --health-check-port 30443 \
  --target-type instance

Register Instances in the target group

## Retrieve instances IDs.
INSTANCES=$(kubectl get nodes -o json | jq -r ".items[].spec.providerID"  | cut -d'/' -f5)
IDS=$(for x in `echo ${INSTANCES}`; do echo Id=$x ; done | tr '\n' ' ')
echo $IDS

## Retrieve the target group Arn for the web entrypoint.
TG_ARN_WEB=$(aws elbv2 describe-target-groups --query 'TargetGroups[?TargetGroupName==`traefik-http3-tg-web`].TargetGroupArn' --output text)

## Register instances to the previous TargetGroup web.
aws elbv2 register-targets --target-group-arn ${TG_ARN_WEB} --targets $(echo ${IDS})

## Retrieve the target group Arn for the websecure entrypoint.
TG_ARN_WEBSECURE=$(aws elbv2 describe-target-groups --query 'TargetGroups[?TargetGroupName==`traefik-http3-tg-websecure`].TargetGroupArn' --output text)
## Register instances to the previous TargetGroup websecure.
aws elbv2 register-targets --target-group-arn ${TG_ARN_WEBSECURE} --targets $(echo ${IDS})

Create listener

## Retrieve the NLB Arn
LB_ARN=$(aws elbv2 describe-load-balancers --names ${CLUSTER_NAME} --query 'LoadBalancers[0].LoadBalancerArn' --output text)

## Create a TCP listener on port 80 that will forward to the TargetGroup traefik-http3-web
aws elbv2 create-listener --load-balancer-arn ${LB_ARN} \
  --protocol TCP --port 80 \
  --default-actions Type=forward,TargetGroupArn=${TG_ARN_WEB}

## Create a TCP_UDP listener on port 443 that will forward to the TargetGroup traefik-http3-websecure
aws elbv2 create-listener --load-balancer-arn ${LB_ARN} \
  --protocol TCP_UDP --port 443 \
  --default-actions Type=forward,TargetGroupArn=${TG_ARN_WEBSECURE}

Configure Instances security groups

# Retrieve the security groups for each instances.
SGs=$(for x in $(echo $INSTANCES); do aws ec2 describe-instances --filters Name=instance-id,Values=$x \
 --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].SecurityGroups[0].GroupId' --output text ; done | sort | uniq)

for x in $(echo $SGs); do
  echo SG=$x;
  aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id $x --protocol tcp --port 30442 --cidr 0.0.0.0/0;
  aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id $x --protocol tcp --port 30443 --cidr 0.0.0.0/0;
  aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress --group-id $x --protocol udp --port 30443 --cidr 0.0.0.0/0;
done

## Retrieve the NLB Arn and extract the ID.
NLB_NAME_ID=$(aws elbv2 describe-load-balancers --names ${CLUSTER_NAME} --query 'LoadBalancers[0].LoadBalancerArn' --output text | awk -F":loadbalancer/" '{print $2}')

## Retrieve the NLS DNS name.
NLB_DNS_NAME=$(aws elbv2 describe-load-balancers --names ${CLUSTER_NAME} --query 'LoadBalancers[0].DNSName' --output text)

Deploy

Deploy the dashboard IngressRoute

kubectl apply -f traefik/dashboard

Open the dashboard

open https://${NLB_DNS_NAME}/dashboard/

Let's deploy a demo application

kubectl apply -f app/

Access to the application

open https://${NLB_DNS_NAME}/

Check with http3check

open https://http3check.net/?host=${NLB_DNS_NAME}

Cleanup

## Delete the Network Load Balancer.
aws elbv2 delete-load-balancer --load-balancer-arn ${LB_ARN}

## Delete the 2 target groups created.
aws elbv2 delete-target-group --target-group-arn ${TG_ARN_WEB}
aws elbv2 delete-target-group --target-group-arn ${TG_ARN_WEBSECURE}

## Delete the EKS cluster.
eksctl delete cluster --name ${CLUSTER_NAME} --region ${AWS_REGION}

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Traefik + HTTP3

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Traefik + HTTP3

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Cleanup

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