sagemathgh-40071: Meson: make it compile on recent ubuntu
    
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Successfully install sage with meson on recent ubuntu (like 25.04), only
with system packages pre-installed.

Ubuntu is missing maxima (with ecl), so we have to add maxima as a
subproject that is build on-the-fly.
Also make the python dep lrcalc an optional dependency, since it fails
to build (due to missing lrcalc).
The other changes are mostly minor updates to the dependency installing
and handling in meson.

Fixes sagemath#31347.

### 📝 Checklist

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- [ ] The title is concise and informative.
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- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

- sagemath#40038

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URL: sagemath#40071
Reported by: Tobias Diez
Reviewer(s): Dima Pasechnik, Tobias Diez

Author: Release Manager

.devcontainer/onCreate-meson.sh

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ uv venv
 uv pip install \
     meson-python \
     "cypari2 >=2.2.1" \
-    "cython >=3.0, != 3.0.3, != 3.1.0" \
-    "cython >=3.0, != 3.0.3" \
+    "cysignals >=1.11.2, != 1.12.0" \
+    "cython >=3.0, != 3.0.3, < 3.1.0" \
     "gmpy2 ~=2.1.b999" \
     memory_allocator \
     "numpy >=1.25" \
     jinja2 \
-    setuptool
-uv sync --frozen --inexact --no-build-isolation
+    setuptools
+uv sync --frozen --inexact --no-build-isolation --config-settings=builddir=build/build-$SYSTEM

.devcontainer/portability-ubuntu-2204/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// See https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json for format details.
+{
+    "name": "ubuntu-22.04",
+    "image": "ubuntu:22.04",
+    "onCreateCommand": ".devcontainer/onCreate-meson.sh || true",
+    "features": {
+        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/git": {},
+        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {},
+        "../uv": {
+			"version": "latest"
+		}
+    },
+    "customizations": {
+        "vscode": {
+            "extensions": [
+                "ms-python.python"
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}

.devcontainer/portability-ubuntu-2404/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// See https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json for format details.
+{
+    "name": "ubuntu-24.04",
+    "image": "ubuntu:24.04",
+    "onCreateCommand": ".devcontainer/onCreate-meson.sh || true",
+    "features": {
+        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/git": {},
+        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {},
+        "../uv": {
+			"version": "latest"
+		}
+    },
+    "customizations": {
+        "vscode": {
+            "extensions": [
+                "ms-python.python"
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}

.devcontainer/portability-ubuntu-2504/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// See https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json for format details.
+{
+    "name": "ubuntu-25.04",
+    "image": "ubuntu:25.04",
+    "onCreateCommand": ".devcontainer/onCreate-meson.sh || true",
+    "features": {
+        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/git": {},
+        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/python:1": {},
+        "../uv": {
+			"version": "latest"
+		}
+    },
+    "customizations": {
+        "vscode": {
+            "extensions": [
+                "ms-python.python"
+            ]
+        }
+    }
+}