urltools

Some functions to parse and normalize URLs.

Functions

Normalize

>>> urltools.normalize("Http://exAMPLE.com./foo")
http://example.com/foo

Rules that are applied to normalize a URL:

• tolower scheme
• tolower host (also works with IDNs)
• remove default port
• remove ':' without port
• remove DNS root label
• unquote path, query, fragment
• collapse path (remove '//', '/./', '/../')
• sort query params and remove params without value

Parse

The result of parse and extract is a ParseResult named tuple that contains scheme, username, password, subdomain, domain, tld, port, path, query and fragment.

>>> urltools.parse("http://example.co.uk/foo/bar?x=1#abc")
ParseResult(scheme='http', username='', password='', subdomain='', domain='example', tld='co.uk', port='', path='/foo/bar', query='x=1', fragment='abc')

If the scheme is missing parse interprets the URL as relative.

>>> urltools.parse("www.example.co.uk/abc")
ParseResult(scheme='', username='', password='', subdomain='', domain='', tld='', port='', path='www.example.co.uk/abc', query='', fragment='')

Extract

extract does not care about relative URLs and always tries to extract as much information as possible.

>>> urltools.extract("www.example.co.uk/abc")
ParseResult(scheme='', username='', password='', subdomain='www', domain='example', tld='co.uk', port='', path='/abc', query='', fragment='')

Additional functions

Besides the already described main functions urltools has some more functions to manipulate segments of a URL.

• encode (IDNA, see RFC 3490)

    >>> urltools.encode("http://müller.de")
    'http://xn--mller-kva.de/'
  

• assemble a new URL from a ParseResult

• normalize_host

• normalize_port

• normalize_path

    >>> normalize_path("/a/b/../../c")
    '/c'
  

• normalize_query

    >>> normalize_query("x=1&y=&z=3")
    'x=1&z=3'
  

• normalize_fragment

• unquote

• split (basically the same as urlparse.urlparse)

    >>> split("http://www.example.com/abc?x=1&y=2#foo")
    SplitResult(scheme='http', netloc='www.example.com', path='/abc', query='x=1&y=2', fragment='foo')
  

• split_netloc

    >>> split_netloc("foo:bar@www.example.com:8080")
    ('foo', 'bar', 'www.example.com', '8080')
  

• split_host

    >>> split_host("www.example.ac.at")
    ('www', 'example', 'ac.at')
  

Installation

You can install urltools from the Python Package Index (PyPI):

pip install urltools

... or get the newest version directly from GitHub:

pip install -e git://github.com/rbaier/urltools.git#egg=urltools

Public Suffix List

urltools uses the Public Suffix List to split domain names correctly. E.g. the TLD of example.co.uk would be .co.uk and not .uk.

I recommend to use a local copy of this list. Otherwise it will be downloaded after each import of urltools.

export PUBLIC_SUFFIX_LIST="/path/to/effective_tld_names.dat"

For more information see http://publicsuffix.org/

Tests

To run the tests I use pytest:

py.test -vrxs