fix(reactivity): avoid exponential perf cost and reduce call stack depth for deeply chained computeds

[yyx990803]

close #11928

[github-actions]

Size Report

Bundles

File	Size	Gzip	Brotli
runtime-dom.global.prod.js	100 kB	37.9 kB	34.1 kB
vue.global.prod.js	159 kB	57.8 kB	51.3 kB

Usages

Name	Size	Gzip	Brotli
createApp (CAPI only)	48.8 kB	18.8 kB	17.2 kB
createApp	55.4 kB	21.3 kB	19.4 kB
createSSRApp	59.4 kB	23 kB	20.9 kB
defineCustomElement	60.2 kB	22.9 kB	20.8 kB
overall	69.1 kB	26.4 kB	24 kB

[pkg-pr-new]

Open in Stackblitz

@vue/compiler-core

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/compiler-core@11944

@vue/compiler-dom

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/compiler-dom@11944

@vue/compiler-sfc

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/compiler-sfc@11944

@vue/compiler-ssr

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/compiler-ssr@11944

@vue/reactivity

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/reactivity@11944

@vue/runtime-core

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/runtime-core@11944

@vue/runtime-dom

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/runtime-dom@11944

@vue/server-renderer

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/server-renderer@11944

@vue/shared

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/shared@11944

@vue/compat

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/@vue/compat@11944

vue

pnpm add https://pkg.pr.new/vue@11944

commit: d9dd0f3