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Add note about the scope of 1.4.5 Images of Text (images used *rather…
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… than* text) and example (#4021)

Closes: #3755

This is an alternative to #3773
following discussions in WCAG 2.x backlog meeting from 9 August meeting.
Filed here as a separate clean PR, rather than trying to modify
@giacomo-petri's PR

---------

Co-authored-by: Mike Gower <mikegower@gmail.com>
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@patrickhlauke @mbgower
patrickhlauke and mbgower authored Oct 29, 2024
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"></meta>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>Understanding Images of Text</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../css/sources.css" class="remove"/>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Understanding Images of Text</h1>

<section id="brief">
<h2>In brief</h2>
<dl>
<dt>Goal</dt><dd>Users can adjust how text is presented.</dd>
<dt>What to do</dt><dd>Use text instead of pictures of text.</dd>
<dt>Why it's important</dt><dd>People cannot alter how text looks in images.</dd>
<dt>Why it's important</dt><dd>People cannot alter how text looks in images.</dd>
</dl>

</section>

<section id="intent">
<h2>Intent of Images of Text</h2>



<p>The intent of this Success Criterion is to encourage authors, who are using technologies
which are capable of achieving their desired default visual presentation, to enable
people who require a particular visual presentation of text to be able to adjust the
text presentation as needed. This includes people who require the text in a particular
font size, foreground and background color, font family, line spacing or alignment.
</p>

<p>If authors can use text to achieve the same visual effect, they should present
the information as text rather than using an image. If for any reason, the author
cannot format the text to get the same effect, the effect won't be reliably presented
Expand All @@ -40,52 +39,43 @@ <h2>Intent of Images of Text</h2>
widely deployed or which the author doesn't have the right to redistribute, or to
ensure that the text would be anti-aliased on all user agents.
</p>

<p>Images of text can also be used where it is possible for users to customize the image
of text to match their requirements.
</p>
<p>The definition of image of text contains the note: Note: This does not include text that is part of a picture that contains significant

<p>The definition of <a>images of text</a> contains the note: This does not include text that is part of a picture that contains significant
other visual content. Examples of such pictures include graphs, screenshots, and diagrams which visually
convey important information through more than just text.
</p>


<p class="note">The Success Criterion is intended to address situations where <a>images of text</a> are used <em>rather than</em> text. Where images of text are used <em>in addition to</em> text to convey the same information, and where both are presented to the user, this Success Criterion is met. This allows authors to convey content using any styling they desire, while also presenting the information in text, which can then be manipulated by users to make it more distinguishable. This is in contrast to <a href="images-of-text-no-exception">1.4.9 Images of Text (No Exception)</a>, which applies to all images of text, regardless of whether or not they are used <em>in addition to</em> text.</p>

<p>Techniques for satisfying this Success Criterion are the same as those for Success
Criterion 1.4.9, except that they only need to apply if the visual presentation can
be achieved with the technologies that the author is using. For Success Criterion
1.4.9, the sufficient techniques would be applied only when the user can customize
the output.
</p>

<p>See also
<a href="images-of-text-no-exception">1.4.9: Images of Text (No Exception)</a>.
the output.
</p>



<p>See also <a href="images-of-text-no-exception">1.4.9 Images of Text (No Exception)</a>.</p>

</section>
<section id="benefits">
<h2>Benefits of Images of Text</h2>


<ul>

<li>People with low vision (who may have trouble reading the text with the authored font
family, size and/or color).
</li>

<li>People with visual tracking problems (who may have trouble reading the text with the
authored line spacing and/or alignment).
</li>

<li>People with cognitive disabilities that affect reading.</li>

</ul>

</section>

<section id="examples">
<h2>Examples of Images of Text</h2>

<dl>
<dt>Styled Headings</dt>
<dd>Rather than using bitmap images to present headings in a specific font and size, an
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -130,139 +120,54 @@ <h2>Examples of Images of Text</h2>
<dt>Customizable font settings in images of text</dt>
<dd>A Web site allows users to specify font settings and all images of text on the site
are then provided based on those settings.</dd>
<dt>The text in an image is also provided as text.</dt>
<dd>A user has to upload an event poster image, which includes text, to their website's events
calendar. The site's CMS (content management system) is limited, and won't allow them to create
a custom HTML/CSS/SVG recreation of the poster. However, in addition to the image, they can add
regular text to the calendar entry, so they post both the poster and the text contained in the image.
This text is shown next to the poster image on the site's calendar page.</dd>
</dl>

</section>

<section id="resources">
<h2>Resources for Images of Text</h2>


<ul>

<li>

<a href="http://alistapart.com/article/cssatten">CSS Web fonts</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="http://clagnut.com/blog/2042/">Weblog comments: WebKit now supports CSS @font-face rules</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="http://www.workingwith.me.uk/articles/css/cross-browser-drop-shadows">Creating Cross Browser Compatible CSS Text Shadows</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="http://www.yourhtmlsource.com/stylesheets/csstext.html">CSS and text</a>

</li>

<li><a href="http://alistapart.com/article/cssatten">CSS Web fonts</a></li>
<li><a href="http://clagnut.com/blog/2042/">Weblog comments: WebKit now supports CSS @font-face rules</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.workingwith.me.uk/articles/css/cross-browser-drop-shadows">Creating Cross Browser Compatible CSS Text Shadows</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.yourhtmlsource.com/stylesheets/csstext.html">CSS and text</a></li>
</ul>

</section>

<section id="techniques">
<h2>Techniques for Images of Text</h2>


<section id="sufficient">
<h3>Sufficient Techniques for Images of Text</h3>


<ul>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/css/C22" class="css">Using CSS to control visual presentation of text</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/css/C30" class="css">Using CSS to replace text with images of text and providing user interface controls
to switch
</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/general/G140" class="general">Separating information and structure from presentation so that Web pages can be presented
different ways without losing information
</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/pdf/PDF7" class="pdf"></a>

</li>

<li><a href="../Techniques/css/C22" class="css">Using CSS to control visual presentation of text</a></li>
<li><a href="../Techniques/css/C30" class="css">Using CSS to replace text with images of text and providing user interface controls to switch</a></li>
<li><a href="../Techniques/general/G140" class="general">Separating information and structure from presentation so that Web pages can be presented different ways without losing information</a></li>
<li><a href="../Techniques/pdf/PDF7" class="pdf"></a></li>
</ul>

</section>

<section id="advisory">
<h3>Additional Techniques (Advisory) for Images of Text</h3>


<section>

<h4>CSS Techniques</h4>

<ul>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/css/C12" class="css">Using percent for font sizes</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/css/C13" class="css">Using named font sizes</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/css/C14" class="css">Using em units for font sizes</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/css/C8" class="css">Using CSS letter-spacing to control spacing within a word</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="../Techniques/css/C6" class="css">Positioning content based on structural markup</a>

</li>

<li><a href="../Techniques/css/C12" class="css">Using percent for font sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="../Techniques/css/C13" class="css">Using named font sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="../Techniques/css/C14" class="css">Using em units for font sizes</a></li>
<li><a href="../Techniques/css/C8" class="css">Using CSS letter-spacing to control spacing within a word</a></li>
<li><a href="../Techniques/css/C6" class="css">Positioning content based on structural markup</a></li>
</ul>

</section>

</section>

<section id="failure">
<h3>Failures for Images of Text</h3>


</section>

</section>

</body>
</html>

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