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Adjusting info on chilling #3829

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merged 7 commits into from
Oct 3, 2022
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62 changes: 16 additions & 46 deletions docs/maintain/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.md
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Expand Up @@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ keywords: [chill, chilling, pause]
slug: ../maintain-guides-how-to-chill
---

Stakers can be in any one of the three states: validating, nominating, or chilling. When a staker
wants to temporarily pause their active engagement in staking but does not want to unbond their
funds, they can choose to "chill" their involvement and keep their funds staked.
Staking bonds can be in any of the three states: validating, nominating, or chilled (neither validating nor nominating). When a staker wants to temporarily pause their active engagement in staking but does not want to unbond their funds, they can choose to "chill" their involvement and keep their funds bonded.

An account can step back from participating in active staking by clicking "Stop" under the Network >
Staking > Account actions page in [PolkadotJS Apps](https://polkadot.js.org/apps) or by calling the
Expand All @@ -25,63 +23,35 @@ staking, take a look at the [accounts][] section in the general staking guide.
:::

![staking](../assets/NPoS/staking-keys_stash_controller.png)
## Consideration for Staking Election

A bond that is actively participating in staking but chilled would continue to participate in staking for the rest of the current era. If the bond was chilled in sessions 1 through 4 and continues to be chilled for the rest of the era, it would NOT be selected for election in the next era. If a bond was chilled for the entire session 5, it would not be considered in the next election. If the bond was chilled in session 6, its participation in the next era's election would depend on its state in session 5.

## Chilling as a Nominator

When you chill after being a nominator, your nominations will be reset. This means that when you
decide to start nominating again you will need to select validators to nominate once again. These
can be the same validators if you prefer, or, a completely new set. Just be aware - your nominations
will not persist across chills.
When you chill after being a nominator, your nominations will be reset. This means that when you decide to start nominating again you will need to select validators to nominate once again. These can be the same validators if you prefer, or, a completely new set. Just be aware - your nominations will not persist across chills.

Your nominator will remain bonded when it is chilled. When you are ready to nominate again, you will
not need to go through the whole process of bonding again, rather, you will issue a new nominate
call that specifies the new targets to nominate.
Your nominator will remain bonded when it is chilled. When you are ready to nominate again, you will not need to go through the whole process of bonding again, rather, you will issue a new nominate call that specifies the new validators to nominate.

## Chilling as a Validator

When you voluntarily chill after being a validator, your nominators will not automatically go away.
As long as your nominators make no action, you will still have the nominations when you choose to
become an active validator once again. However, if your nominators decide to nominate other
validators then these nominations will take priority when the validator comes back. It may also be
the case that your nominators change their entire nomination targets (all 16 of the allowed
nominations). In this case, your nominators would need to explicitly specify your validator as a
target when your validator comes back.
When you voluntarily chill after being a validator, your nominators will remain. As long as your nominators make no action, you will still have the nominations when you choose to become an active validator once again. You bond however would not be listed as a nominable validator thus any nominators issuing new or revisions to existing nominations would not be able to select your bond.
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When you become an active validator, you will also need to reset your validator preferences (commission, etc.). These can be configured as the same values set previously or something different.

When you become an active validator you will also need to reset your validator preferences
(commission, etc.). These can be configured as the same values that were set previously or something
different.
## Involuntary Chills

### Involuntary Chills
If a validator was unresponsive for an entire session, the validator bond would be chilled in a process known as _involuntary chilling._ When a validator has been involuntarily chilled, it may restrict the validator from being selected in the next election depending on the session in which it was chilled (see considerations above). A chilled validator may re-declare the intent to validate at any time. However, it is recommended that the validator attempts to determine the source of the chill before doing so.

If a validator was unresponsive or found to have committed a slashable offense within two eras, the
validator will be removed from the active set in a process known as _involuntary chilling._ When a
validator has been involuntarily chilled, it is necessary for the nominators that were previously
nominating that validator to re-issue the nominate call.
Slashing may also result in an involuntary chill. However, in that scenario, the validator would also lose their nominations. By this action, even if the validator re-declares its intent to validate before session 5, there wouldn't be sufficient nominations to re-elect the node into the active set.

Nominators who have the option to renominate an involuntarily chilled validator will have a display
row to do so using Polkadot-JS Apps. This row is displayed in the "Account Actions" tab for the
nominator under a heading that says "Renomination required". If your validator has been
involuntarily chilled, you will need to request your nominators to re-issue the nominate call in
order to start nominating you again.
Nominators have the option to renominate a slashed validator using a display row in Polkadot-JS UI. This row is displayed in the "Account Actions" tab for the nominator under a heading that says "Renomination required".

## Chill Other

An unbounded and unlimited number of nominators and validators in Polkadot's NPoS is just not
possible due to constraints in the runtime. As a result, multiple checks are incorporated to keep
the size of staking system manageable, like mandating minimum active bond requirements for both
nominators and validators. When these requirements are modified through on-chain governance, they
can be enforced only on the accounts that newly call `nominate` or `validate` after the update. The
changes to the bonding parameters would not automatically chill the active accounts on-chain which
do not meet the requirements.

For instance, let us consider a scenario where the minimum staking requirement for nominators is
changed from 80 DOTs to 120 DOTs. An account that was actively nominating with 80 DOTs before this
update would still keep receiving staking rewards. To handle this corner case, the `chill_other`
extrinsic was incorporated which also helps to keep things backwards compatible and safe. The
`chill_other` extrinsic is permissionless and any third party user can target it on an account where
the minimum active bond is not satisfied, and chill that account. The list of addresses of all the
active validators and their nominators can be viewed by running
[validator stats](https://github.com/w3f/validator-stats) script.
An unbounded and unlimited number of nominators and validators in Polkadot's NPoS is not possible due to constraints in the runtime. As a result, multiple checks are incorporated to keep the size of staking system manageable, like mandating minimum active bond requirements for both nominators and validators. When these requirements are modified through on-chain governance, they can be enforced only on the accounts that newly call `nominate` or `validate` after the update. The changes to the bonding parameters would not automatically chill the active accounts on-chain which do not meet the requirements.

For instance, let us consider a scenario where the minimum staking requirement for nominators is changed from 80 DOTs to 120 DOTs. An account that was actively nominating with 80 DOTs before this update would still keep receiving staking rewards. To handle this corner case, the `chill_other` extrinsic was incorporated which also helps to keep things backwards compatible and safe. The `chill_other` extrinsic is permissionless and any third party user can target it on an account where the minimum active bond is not satisfied, and chill that account. The list of addresses of all the active validators and their nominators can be viewed by running [validator stats](https://github.com/w3f/validator-stats) script.

[chill extrinsic]:
https://paritytech.github.io/substrate/master/pallet_staking/pallet/enum.Call.html#variant.chill
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