[runtime] Use calloc instead of malloc. (#20692)

It's safer, since the returned memory is zero-initialized.

Also add tests.

runtime/launcher.m

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 		len++;
 	}
 
-	v = value = (char *) malloc (len + 1);
+	v = value = (char *) calloc (1, len + 1);
 	while (start < inptr) {
 		if (*start == '\\')
 			start++;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 			break;
 		}
 
-		node = (ListNode *) malloc (sizeof (ListNode));
+		node = (ListNode *) calloc (1, sizeof (ListNode));
 		node->value = value;
 		node->next = NULL;
 		n++;
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
 	if (n == 0)
 		return NULL;
 
-	argv = (char **) malloc (sizeof (char *) * ((unsigned long) n + 1));
+	argv = (char **) calloc (sizeof (char *), (unsigned long) n + 1);
 	i = 0;
 
 	while (list != NULL) {
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ int xamarin_main (int argc, char **argv, enum XamarinLaunchMode launch_mode)
 		if (xamarin_mac_modern)
 			new_argc += 1;
 
-		char **new_argv = (char **) malloc (sizeof (char *) * ((unsigned long) new_argc + 1 /* null terminated */));
+		char **new_argv = (char **) calloc (sizeof (char *), (unsigned long) new_argc + 1 /* null terminated */);
 		const char **ptr = (const char **) new_argv;
 		// binary
 		*ptr++ = argv [0];

runtime/monotouch-debug.m

@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ static ssize_t sdb_recv (void *buf, size_t len)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	sockets = (int *) malloc (sizeof (int) * ip_count);
+	sockets = (int *) calloc (sizeof (int), ip_count);
 	for (i = 0; i < ip_count; i++)
 		sockets[i] = -2;
 
@@ -1457,7 +1457,7 @@ int monotouch_debug_connect (NSMutableArray *ips, int debug_port, int output_por
 		return 2;
 	}
 
-	sockets = (int *) malloc (sizeof (int) * ip_count);
+	sockets = (int *) calloc (sizeof (int), ip_count);
 	for (i = 0; i < ip_count; i++)
 		sockets[i] = -1;
 

runtime/runtime.m

@@ -2075,7 +2075,7 @@ -(void) xamarinSetFlags: (enum XamarinGCHandleFlags) flags;
 		return INVALID_GCHANDLE;
 	// PRINT ("New value: %x", (int) res);
 
-	nmp = (MethodAndPar *) malloc (sizeof (MethodAndPar));
+	nmp = (MethodAndPar *) calloc (1, sizeof (MethodAndPar));
 	*nmp = mp;
 
 	MONO_ENTER_GC_SAFE;

runtime/slinked-list.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ typedef struct SList SList;
 static inline SList *
 s_list_prepend (SList *list, void *value)
 {
-	SList *first = (SList *) malloc (sizeof (SList));
+	SList *first = (SList *) calloc (1, sizeof (SList));
 	first->next = list;
 	first->data = value;
 	return first;

runtime/trampolines.m

@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@
 	if (gc_handle == INVALID_GCHANDLE) {
 		CFDictionaryRemoveValue (gchandle_hash, self);
 	} else {
-		struct gchandle_dictionary_entry *entry = (struct gchandle_dictionary_entry *) malloc (sizeof (struct gchandle_dictionary_entry));
+		struct gchandle_dictionary_entry *entry = (struct gchandle_dictionary_entry *) calloc (1, sizeof (struct gchandle_dictionary_entry));
 		entry->gc_handle = gc_handle;
 		entry->flags = flags;
 		CFDictionarySetValue (gchandle_hash, self, entry);
@@ -1813,7 +1813,7 @@
 	if (length == 0)
 		return [NSArray array];
 
-	buf = (id *) malloc (sizeof (id) * length);
+	buf = (id *) calloc (sizeof (id), length);
 
 #if !defined (CORECLR_RUNTIME)
 	MonoClass *object_class = mono_object_get_class ((MonoObject *) array);

runtime/xamarin-support.m

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
 	}
 	NSData *data = [tz data];
 	*size = (uint32_t) [data length];
-	void* result = malloc (*size);
+	void* result = calloc (1, *size);
 	[data getBytes: result length: *size];
 	return result;
 }
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 	// COOP: no managed memory access: any mode.
 	NSArray *array = [NSTimeZone knownTimeZoneNames];
 	*count = (uint32_t) array.count;
-	char** result = (char**) malloc (sizeof (char*) * (*count));
+	char** result = (char**) calloc (sizeof (char*), *count);
 	for (unsigned long i = 0; i < *count; i++) {
 		NSString *s = [array objectAtIndex: i];
 		result [i] = strdup (s.UTF8String);

tests/cecil-tests/Test.cs

@@ -122,7 +122,9 @@ public void NoSystemConsoleReference (AssemblyInfo info)
 			"vsprintf", "vswprintf", "wcscat", "wcscpy", "wcslen", "wcsncat", "wcsncpy",
 			"wcstok", "wmemcpy", "wnsprintf", "wnsprintfa", "wnsprintfw", "wscanf", "wsprintf",
 			"wsprintfa", "wsprintfw", "wvnsprintf", "wvnsprintfa", "wvnsprintfw", "wvsprintf",
-			"wvsprintfa", "wvsprintfw"
+			"wvsprintfa", "wvsprintfw",
+			"malloc", // not banned by binscope, but we want to use calloc instead
+			// keep up-to-date with the 'bannedCApi' list in tests/mtouch/MiscTests.cs
 		};
 
 		[TestCaseSource (typeof (Helper), nameof (Helper.PlatformAssemblyDefinitions))]

tests/common/Configuration.cs

@@ -1247,9 +1247,9 @@ public static bool CanRunArm64 {
 		[DllImport ("libc")]
 		static extern int sysctlbyname (string name, ref int value, ref IntPtr size, IntPtr zero, IntPtr zeroAgain);
 
-		public static IEnumerable<string> GetNativeSymbols (string file, string arch = null)
+		public static IEnumerable<string> CallNM (string file, string nmArguments, string arch = null)
 		{
-			var arguments = new List<string> (new [] { "-gUjA", file });
+			var arguments = new List<string> (new [] { nmArguments, file });
 			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (arch)) {
 				arguments.Add ("-arch");
 				arguments.Add (arch);
@@ -1264,5 +1264,15 @@ public static IEnumerable<string> GetNativeSymbols (string file, string arch = n
 				return v.Substring (idx + 2);
 			});
 		}
+
+		public static IEnumerable<string> GetNativeSymbols (string file, string arch = null)
+		{
+			return CallNM (file, "-gUjA", arch);
+		}
+
+		public static IEnumerable<string> GetUndefinedNativeSymbols (string file, string arch = null)
+		{
+			return CallNM (file, "-gujA", arch);
+		}
 	}
 }

tests/mtouch/MiscTests.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using System.Text;
 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
 using Xamarin.Tests;
+using Xamarin.Utils;
 
 using NUnit.Framework;
 
@@ -207,5 +208,66 @@ public void PublicSymbols (Profile profile)
 
 			Assert.IsEmpty (failed.ToString (), "Failed libraries");
 		}
+
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.iOS)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.TVOS)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacCatalyst)]
+		[TestCase (ApplePlatform.MacOSX)]
+		public void NoBannedApi (ApplePlatform platform)
+		{
+			Configuration.IgnoreIfIgnoredPlatform (platform);
+			Configuration.AssertDotNetAvailable ();
+
+			// we should not p/invoke into API that are banned (by MS) from the C runtime
+			// list is copied from binscope for mac (not all of them actually exists on macOS)
+			var bannedCApi = new HashSet<string> () {
+				"_alloca", "_ftcscat", "_ftcscpy", "_getts", "_gettws", "_i64toa",
+				"_i64tow", "_itoa", "_itow", "_makepath", "_mbccat", "_mbccpy",
+				"_mbscat", "_mbscpy", "_mbslen", "_mbsnbcat", "_mbsnbcpy", "_mbsncat",
+				"_mbsncpy", "_mbstok", "_mbstrlen", "_snprintf", "_sntprintf",
+				"_sntscanf", "_snwprintf", "_splitpath", "_stprintf", "_stscanf",
+				"_tccat", "_tccpy", "_tcscat", "_tcscpy", "_tcsncat", "_tcsncpy",
+				"_tcstok", "_tmakepath", "_tscanf", "_tsplitpath", "_ui64toa",
+				"_ui64tot", "_ui64tow", "_ultoa", "_ultot", "_ultow", "_vsnprintf",
+				"_vsntprintf", "_vsnwprintf", "_vstprintf", "_wmakepath", "_wsplitpath",
+				"alloca", "changewindowmessagefilter", "chartooem", "chartooema",
+				"chartooembuffa", "chartooembuffw", "chartooemw", "copymemory", "gets",
+				"isbadcodeptr", "isbadhugereadptr", "isbadhugewriteptr", "isbadreadptr",
+				"isbadstringptr", "isbadwriteptr", "lstrcat", "lstrcata", "lstrcatn",
+				"lstrcatna", "lstrcatnw", "lstrcatw", "lstrcpy", "lstrcpya", "lstrcpyn",
+				"lstrcpyna", "lstrcpynw", "lstrcpyw", "lstrlen", "lstrncat", "makepath",
+				/* "memcpy", */ "oemtochar", "oemtochara", "oemtocharw", "rtlcopymemory", "scanf", // memcpy is banned, but we use it a bunch, and so does dotnet/runtime
+				"snscanf", "snwscanf", "sprintf", "sprintfa", "sprintfw", "sscanf", "strcat",
+				"strcata", "strcatbuff", "strcatbuffa", "strcatbuffw", "strcatchainw",
+				"strcatn", "strcatna", "strcatnw", "strcatw", "strcpy", "strcpya", "strcpyn",
+				"strcpyna", "strcpynw", "strcpyw", /* "strlen" , */ "strncat", "strncata", "strncatw", // strlen is banned, but we use it a bunch, and so does dotnet/runtime
+				"strncpy", "strncpya", "strncpyw", "strtok", "swprintf", "swscanf", "vsnprintf",
+				"vsprintf", "vswprintf", "wcscat", "wcscpy", "wcslen", "wcsncat", "wcsncpy",
+				"wcstok", "wmemcpy", "wnsprintf", "wnsprintfa", "wnsprintfw", "wscanf", "wsprintf",
+				"wsprintfa", "wsprintfw", "wvnsprintf", "wvnsprintfa", "wvnsprintfw", "wvsprintf",
+				"wvsprintfa", "wvsprintfw",
+				"malloc", // not banned by binscope, but we want to use calloc instead
+				// keep up-to-date with the 'BannedCApi' list in tests/cecil-tests/Test.cs
+			};
+
+			var runtimeIdentifiers = Configuration.GetRuntimeIdentifiers (platform);
+			var failed = new HashSet<string> ();
+			foreach (var rid in runtimeIdentifiers) {
+				var nativedir = Path.Combine (Configuration.GetRuntimeDirectory (platform, rid), "native");
+				var paths = new HashSet<string> ();
+				paths.UnionWith (Directory.GetFileSystemEntries (nativedir, "*.a", SearchOption.AllDirectories));
+				paths.UnionWith (Directory.GetFileSystemEntries (nativedir, "*.dylib", SearchOption.AllDirectories));
+
+				foreach (var path in paths) {
+					var symbols = Configuration.GetUndefinedNativeSymbols (path, arch: "all");
+
+					var bannedSymbols = symbols.Intersect (bannedCApi.Select (v => "_" + v));
+					if (bannedSymbols.Any ())
+						failed.Add ($"{path}:\n\t{string.Join ("\n\t", bannedSymbols.ToArray ())}");
+				}
+
+			}
+			Assert.IsEmpty (string.Join ("\n", failed.OrderBy (v => v)), "Libraries referencing banned symbols");
+		}
 	}
 }