一文带你看完 2018 年浏览器之争的最新进展 #4971

HumesFork · 2019-01-09T06:44:34Z

译文翻译完成，resolve #4918

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-09T07:24:39Z

校对认领

fanyijihua · 2019-01-09T07:24:41Z

@Wangalan30 好的呢 🍺

connie610 · 2019-01-09T08:12:35Z

@leviding 校对认领

fanyijihua · 2019-01-09T08:12:39Z

@connie610 妥妥哒 🍻

connie610

@HumesFork @leviding 校对完成

connie610 · 2019-01-09T08:25:22Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


 ![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*ysSQaD2xD85QT2Zz2kFxZw.png)

-**Update (Dec 6, 2018):** Microsoft has [confirmed](https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2018/12/06/microsoft-edge-making-the-web-better-through-more-open-source-collaboration/) the rumor to be true. We now have one less browser engine, and a last man standing (Firefox) in deep trouble (reasons below). If you agree that this sucks, [install Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/). Also on mobile. Here’s instructions on how to [switch from Chrome](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/switch/).
+**截至2018年12月6日:** 微软宣布放弃自家引擎,证实此前的流言为真. 浏览器大战中只剩下最后一个巨人——Firefox(原因见下文)如果你想支持火狐, [安装 Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/).该安装包同时支持移动端.这里是指导 [如何从Chrome转移到Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/switch/).


英文句号换成中文「.」 => 「。」，辛苦全文替换

connie610 · 2019-01-09T08:28:45Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


 ![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*ysSQaD2xD85QT2Zz2kFxZw.png)

-**Update (Dec 6, 2018):** Microsoft has [confirmed](https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2018/12/06/microsoft-edge-making-the-web-better-through-more-open-source-collaboration/) the rumor to be true. We now have one less browser engine, and a last man standing (Firefox) in deep trouble (reasons below). If you agree that this sucks, [install Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/). Also on mobile. Here’s instructions on how to [switch from Chrome](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/switch/).
+**截至2018年12月6日:** 微软宣布放弃自家引擎,证实此前的流言为真. 浏览器大战中只剩下最后一个巨人——Firefox(原因见下文)如果你想支持火狐, [安装 Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/).该安装包同时支持移动端.这里是指导 [如何从Chrome转移到Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/switch/).


Chrome和Firefox前后要有空格

connie610 · 2019-01-09T08:40:37Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-I’ll also warn you that I am direct, frank, cynical, love dark humour, and don’t take many things serious, including myself. With that in mind, let’s go.
+同时我也要提醒你,我相当直接,有点古怪,喜欢黑暗冷笑话,并且还有些玩世不恭.牢记这一点,让我们出发吧. 


喜欢黑暗冷笑话是不是可以理解为「黑色幽默」？

黑色幽默

connie610 · 2019-01-09T11:12:03Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-I’ll also warn you that I am direct, frank, cynical, love dark humour, and don’t take many things serious, including myself. With that in mind, let’s go.
+同时我也要提醒你,我相当直接,有点古怪,喜欢黑暗冷笑话,并且还有些玩世不恭.牢记这一点,让我们出发吧. 


数字前后加有空格，其他数字的地方也看下吧

connie610 · 2019-01-09T11:15:05Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-Let’s first establish the market share failure that Edge is after 3 years of existence. Depending on the source to use, it is listed at around 4–5%. This is from a company still running a desktop semi-monopoly and having the ability to push it down our throats in subtle, or not so subtle ways. It is from the same company who once had a 80–90% market share, an almost complete monopoly.
+首先看下Edge推出3年后的市场份额. 根据最近的资料, 它大概占市场份额的 4–5%. 微软公司曾经在桌面系统拥有80%-90%市场,基本处于垄断地位.时至今日也依然占据半壁江山,鉴于此,它可以用直接或间接的方式将edge推广给我们.


第一句，是不是 " Edge推出三年后就输掉了市场份额" 这样？

让我们首先来看一下 Edge 推出三年后在市场占有率上的失利。数据资料显示，Edge 的市场占有率大概在4-5%。

connie610 · 2019-01-10T07:01:10Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-Mozilla has two weapons to combat the decline, both of which will horribly fail, I’m pained to say. Not because I want them to fail, or to be overly negative or pessimistic. They will fail because both weapons do not address the root cause of the decline.
+火狐有两种方式阻止颓势,但我要遗憾宣布,这两种方法都难以奏效.并不是我危言耸听或想让他们失败,而是他们难以解决根本问题.


要不要保留 Mozilla 不翻？

connie610 · 2019-01-10T11:48:42Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-But they didn’t, they didn’t choose the right path, they chose the easy short term path. Because doing right is for losers, like Firefox. Nice guys finish last, at least in this round of the wars.
+但是他们没有,他们选择了一条简单却短视的路.在这一轮战争中,好人输给了蠢人,火狐虽然失败了但至少做了正确的事.


「短视的路」=> 「捷径」？

connie610 · 2019-01-10T12:08:29Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-I believe capturing market B via your dominance in market A, is anti-competitive behavior. “Dominance” is the keyword here. It’s business as usual for a company to do this at small scale, and generally allowed. Ford may ship a Ford car radio (I know, not the best example) and nobody cares. Nor is it illegal, as it doesn’t really disturb a secondary market.
+我认为通过在市场A的垄断去侵占市场B是一种反竞争行为. “垄断”是这里的关键词. 从商业角度看,一家公司小范围这样做是正常的也是被广泛许可的.福特可能会发布一辆带有汽车收音机的新车(据我所知),但没有人会害怕.这样做完全合法,也没有扰乱二级市场.


「没有人害怕」=> 「没人关心」？

connie610 · 2019-01-10T12:26:19Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-Chrome, once pushed to these billions of users, turns out to be quite a great browser. It really is a good browser. And important Google services work so well in it. So it sticks, and becomes the new default. Chrome being a really good browser, combined with unique capabilities to push it to billions of users is how we got to a market share of 60–70%. It then becomes a developer default and all kinds of side projects (like Electron and various Chromium clones) pop up to strengthen the dominance even further.
+Chrome, 数十亿用户使用的选择, 确实是一款优秀的浏览器.谷歌公司一直在优化,所以它会一直成为用户首选. Chrome结合其特有的功能,俘获了数十亿用户,占领了60-70%的市场.开发人员和代码实验项目将其作为首选(例如 Electron和各种Chromium复制版) 进一步加强了其主导地位.


「60」=> 「60%」

connie610 · 2019-01-10T12:40:08Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-Surely, Safari lagging behind has to be intentional. If you want to have an underwhelming experience, have a look at Safari’s release notes. Bugs are open for years and when a new web feature is shipped, it’s often incomplete, buggy, and unusable. If you’re in the game of trying to ship web apps at the quality level of a native app, your number one enemy will be mobile Safari.
+Safari是故意不遵循web标准的.Safari的发布说明一定会让你印象深刻:当一个web新功能发布时,它通常漏洞百出且可用性极差. 如果你希望在web app上获得和本地app同样的体验, 那么你将成为Safari的头号敌人.


「本地app」=>「原生app」

leviding · 2019-01-13T05:51:42Z

@Wangalan30 这篇抓紧校对了

Wangalan30

校对完成

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-11T02:32:44Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


 ![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*ysSQaD2xD85QT2Zz2kFxZw.png)

-**Update (Dec 6, 2018):** Microsoft has [confirmed](https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2018/12/06/microsoft-edge-making-the-web-better-through-more-open-source-collaboration/) the rumor to be true. We now have one less browser engine, and a last man standing (Firefox) in deep trouble (reasons below). If you agree that this sucks, [install Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/). Also on mobile. Here’s instructions on how to [switch from Chrome](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/switch/).
+**截至2018年12月6日:** 微软宣布放弃自家引擎,证实此前的流言为真. 浏览器大战中只剩下最后一个巨人——Firefox(原因见下文)如果你想支持火狐, [安装 Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/).该安装包同时支持移动端.这里是指导 [如何从Chrome转移到Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/switch/).


微软【证实】了(https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2018/12/06/microsoft-edge-making-the-web-better-through-more-open-source-collaboration/)上的流言为真。
在这里可以查看如何 [从Chrome转移到Firefox]

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T08:26:46Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-If you’re new to my blog, I’ll add the background that I’ve been in the web game since 1996, and have seen every iteration of the browser wars up close. In terms of mindset, I’m from the Zeldman school of thought: a deep believer and proponent of the open web, web standards, a shared web.
+如果你从未看过我的博客也没关系,我会从1996年开始介绍历史背景. 从立场上讲, 我是Zeldman那派: 一名坚定的开放化、标准化、共享式web支持者.


自从1996年我开始接触网络游戏以来，我近距离的看到了浏览器的每一次迭代战争，我也会在这里介绍这些背景

我属于Zeldman派，坚定地相信并支持互联网的开放化、标准化及共享化。

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T08:29:56Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-I’ll also warn you that I am direct, frank, cynical, love dark humour, and don’t take many things serious, including myself. With that in mind, let’s go.
+同时我也要提醒你,我相当直接,有点古怪,喜欢黑暗冷笑话,并且还有些玩世不恭.牢记这一点,让我们出发吧. 


黑色幽默

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T08:48:35Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-Let’s first establish the market share failure that Edge is after 3 years of existence. Depending on the source to use, it is listed at around 4–5%. This is from a company still running a desktop semi-monopoly and having the ability to push it down our throats in subtle, or not so subtle ways. It is from the same company who once had a 80–90% market share, an almost complete monopoly.
+首先看下Edge推出3年后的市场份额. 根据最近的资料, 它大概占市场份额的 4–5%. 微软公司曾经在桌面系统拥有80%-90%市场,基本处于垄断地位.时至今日也依然占据半壁江山,鉴于此,它可以用直接或间接的方式将edge推广给我们.


让我们首先来看一下 Edge 推出三年后在市场占有率上的失利。数据资料显示，Edge 的市场占有率大概在4-5%。

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T08:53:44Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-The situation for Edge is in fact worse compared to small browsers like Opera. At least those browsers are compatible with the web. Websites will work in them because websites are built to work in Chromium. Edge doesn’t have that luxury, because they have their own engine to maintain, playing constant catch up in an effort to get the modern web to work in an engine of their own making.
+Edge的处境比那些小众浏览器例如Opera更糟.至少它们与web标准是兼容的. 由于内置引擎是Chromium,网站可以很顺畅的运行其中.Edge享受不到这种便利,因为它需要维护自己的引擎, 玩一场努力跟上现代web标准的追赶游戏.


事实上，Edge 的处境比 Opera 这样的小众浏览器更加糟糕。

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T10:00:44Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-Mobile Safari most certainly would not be a browser with 15% market share (much higher if you include mobile only) because it is so awesome. It’s not awesome. It’s a reasonably capable browser that lags behind Chrome, Firefox, and even Edge in terms of features and web standards support. Take any Chromium clone that has near zero market share and it is functionally and technically better than mobile Safari.
+Safari占据15%的市场份额,但显然不是因为它好用(如果只算移动端比例更高).它很普通. 和Chrome,Edge,火狐比,它在web标准和功能支持方面远远落后. 甚至没有任何市场的Chromium克隆浏览器,都比Safari优秀.


Safari 拥有百分之十五的市场占有率，

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T10:02:49Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-Apple, being a trillion dollar company, could out engineer Google just by having even deeper pockets. Or at least try to. They could also apply their much praised quality mindset to their browser. They don’t. They seem fine in it slugging along, in it being buggy. To invest just enough to not let it bleed to death, yet not enough to actually make it a powerful app platform. Because any platform that is powerful that is not owned by Apple itself, is not a priority, or even a threat.
+苹果公司,作为一个拥有数万亿美元资产的科技公司,完全有能力和谷歌在技术上一较高下.至少可以试着这么做. 他们本可以将他们的品牌价值加诸到Safari,但是他们没有.他们完全沉迷于自娱自乐. 投资的钱让Safari不至于无人问津,但又不足以多到使其成为一款优秀的app平台. 因为任何不属于Apple本身的强大平台都是一种威胁.


它完全有能力打造一个 Google。或者至少可以尝试一下

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T10:05:07Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


 #### Internet Explorer

-What is left to be said about Internet Explorer? Not much, other than it being the slowest death of a browser in history. Even Microsoft’s burial of their own browser does not kill it. At this point in time, many developers are in a position where they finally can ignore old IE as a whole, or have been doing so for a few years.
+关于Internet Explorer还有什么可说的?除了它是历史上死亡时间最慢的浏览器,没有特别需要提的.即使微软自己宣布放弃都没有彻底杀死它.但是现在,众多开发者终于可以忽略旧IE,也许他们早就这么做了.


关于 IE 还有什么可说的吗？我想除了它是历史上消亡最慢的浏览器外，没什么了。

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T10:06:45Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-I had not expected to do such a long write-up, nor did I plan to make it so sour and bitter. I’ve tried to call things for what they are even if those things are ugly. And ugly things are:
+我没有料到文章会变得又长又涩.无论事情多么丑陋,我希望努力还原真相.可怕的真相是:


即使事实如此丑陋，我仍然希望能够还原真相

Wangalan30 · 2019-01-13T10:10:55Z

TODO1/the-state-of-web-browsers.md


-The web now runs on a single engine. There is not a single browser with a non-Chromium engine on mobile of any significance other than Safari. Which runs webkit, kind of the same engine as Chromium, which is based on webkit.
+web现在运行在一个单一引擎上. 除了Safari之外,没有一个浏览器在移动设备上使用非Chromium引擎.其中运行webkit,与Chromium相同的引擎,它基于webkit.


它使用 webkit 引擎，与 Chromium 引擎类似，是一种基于 webkit 的引擎。

leviding · 2019-01-14T00:39:03Z

@HumesFork 可以修改啦~

HumesFork · 2019-01-14T08:15:56Z

@leviding 好的

leviding · 2019-01-15T05:40:46Z

@HumesFork 记得修改哈

HumesFork · 2019-01-15T09:01:59Z

@leviding 好的，明天提交

HumesFork · 2019-01-16T11:51:36Z

@leviding 完成了

leviding

@HumesFork 译文格式问题有点多，请认真看我最新的 commit 记录 cd75cf7 ，并认真结合翻译计划 WIKI 里的译文格式要求，全文修改。我修改了前 18 行，基本十多行都有问题。

leviding · 2019-01-19T04:57:05Z

@HumesFork 这篇这周末有空记得优化下

HumesFork · 2019-01-21T08:23:52Z

@leviding 提交了

leviding · 2019-01-21T10:09:23Z

@HumesFork 还有些问题，给改了，看一下 c60043e

leviding · 2019-01-21T10:09:49Z

@HumesFork 已经 merge 啦~ 快快麻溜发布到掘金然后给我发下链接，方便及时添加积分哟。

掘金翻译计划有自己的知乎专栏，你也可以投稿哈，推荐使用一个好用的插件。
专栏地址：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/juejinfanyi

HumesFork · 2019-01-21T10:51:28Z

https://juejin.im/post/5c45a392f265da61483be57c @leviding

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一文带你看完 2018 年浏览器之争的最新进展 #4918

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		I’ll also warn you that I am direct, frank, cynical, love dark humour, and don’t take many things serious, including myself. With that in mind, let’s go.
		同时我也要提醒你,我相当直接,有点古怪,喜欢黑暗冷笑话,并且还有些玩世不恭.牢记这一点,让我们出发吧.


		Let’s first establish the market share failure that Edge is after 3 years of existence. Depending on the source to use, it is listed at around 4–5%. This is from a company still running a desktop semi-monopoly and having the ability to push it down our throats in subtle, or not so subtle ways. It is from the same company who once had a 80–90% market share, an almost complete monopoly.
		首先看下Edge推出3年后的市场份额. 根据最近的资料, 它大概占市场份额的 4–5%. 微软公司曾经在桌面系统拥有80%-90%市场,基本处于垄断地位.时至今日也依然占据半壁江山,鉴于此,它可以用直接或间接的方式将edge推广给我们.


		Mozilla has two weapons to combat the decline, both of which will horribly fail, I’m pained to say. Not because I want them to fail, or to be overly negative or pessimistic. They will fail because both weapons do not address the root cause of the decline.
		火狐有两种方式阻止颓势,但我要遗憾宣布,这两种方法都难以奏效.并不是我危言耸听或想让他们失败,而是他们难以解决根本问题.


		But they didn’t, they didn’t choose the right path, they chose the easy short term path. Because doing right is for losers, like Firefox. Nice guys finish last, at least in this round of the wars.
		但是他们没有,他们选择了一条简单却短视的路.在这一轮战争中,好人输给了蠢人,火狐虽然失败了但至少做了正确的事.


		I believe capturing market B via your dominance in market A, is anti-competitive behavior. “Dominance” is the keyword here. It’s business as usual for a company to do this at small scale, and generally allowed. Ford may ship a Ford car radio (I know, not the best example) and nobody cares. Nor is it illegal, as it doesn’t really disturb a secondary market.
		我认为通过在市场A的垄断去侵占市场B是一种反竞争行为. “垄断”是这里的关键词. 从商业角度看,一家公司小范围这样做是正常的也是被广泛许可的.福特可能会发布一辆带有汽车收音机的新车(据我所知),但没有人会害怕.这样做完全合法,也没有扰乱二级市场.


		Chrome, once pushed to these billions of users, turns out to be quite a great browser. It really is a good browser. And important Google services work so well in it. So it sticks, and becomes the new default. Chrome being a really good browser, combined with unique capabilities to push it to billions of users is how we got to a market share of 60–70%. It then becomes a developer default and all kinds of side projects (like Electron and various Chromium clones) pop up to strengthen the dominance even further.
		Chrome, 数十亿用户使用的选择, 确实是一款优秀的浏览器.谷歌公司一直在优化,所以它会一直成为用户首选. Chrome结合其特有的功能,俘获了数十亿用户,占领了60-70%的市场.开发人员和代码实验项目将其作为首选(例如 Electron和各种Chromium复制版) 进一步加强了其主导地位.


		Surely, Safari lagging behind has to be intentional. If you want to have an underwhelming experience, have a look at Safari’s release notes. Bugs are open for years and when a new web feature is shipped, it’s often incomplete, buggy, and unusable. If you’re in the game of trying to ship web apps at the quality level of a native app, your number one enemy will be mobile Safari.
		Safari是故意不遵循web标准的.Safari的发布说明一定会让你印象深刻:当一个web新功能发布时,它通常漏洞百出且可用性极差. 如果你希望在web app上获得和本地app同样的体验, 那么你将成为Safari的头号敌人.


		If you’re new to my blog, I’ll add the background that I’ve been in the web game since 1996, and have seen every iteration of the browser wars up close. In terms of mindset, I’m from the Zeldman school of thought: a deep believer and proponent of the open web, web standards, a shared web.
		如果你从未看过我的博客也没关系,我会从1996年开始介绍历史背景. 从立场上讲, 我是Zeldman那派: 一名坚定的开放化、标准化、共享式web支持者.


		The situation for Edge is in fact worse compared to small browsers like Opera. At least those browsers are compatible with the web. Websites will work in them because websites are built to work in Chromium. Edge doesn’t have that luxury, because they have their own engine to maintain, playing constant catch up in an effort to get the modern web to work in an engine of their own making.
		Edge的处境比那些小众浏览器例如Opera更糟.至少它们与web标准是兼容的. 由于内置引擎是Chromium,网站可以很顺畅的运行其中.Edge享受不到这种便利,因为它需要维护自己的引擎, 玩一场努力跟上现代web标准的追赶游戏.


		Mobile Safari most certainly would not be a browser with 15% market share (much higher if you include mobile only) because it is so awesome. It’s not awesome. It’s a reasonably capable browser that lags behind Chrome, Firefox, and even Edge in terms of features and web standards support. Take any Chromium clone that has near zero market share and it is functionally and technically better than mobile Safari.
		Safari占据15%的市场份额,但显然不是因为它好用(如果只算移动端比例更高).它很普通. 和Chrome,Edge,火狐比,它在web标准和功能支持方面远远落后. 甚至没有任何市场的Chromium克隆浏览器,都比Safari优秀.


		Apple, being a trillion dollar company, could out engineer Google just by having even deeper pockets. Or at least try to. They could also apply their much praised quality mindset to their browser. They don’t. They seem fine in it slugging along, in it being buggy. To invest just enough to not let it bleed to death, yet not enough to actually make it a powerful app platform. Because any platform that is powerful that is not owned by Apple itself, is not a priority, or even a threat.
		苹果公司,作为一个拥有数万亿美元资产的科技公司,完全有能力和谷歌在技术上一较高下.至少可以试着这么做. 他们本可以将他们的品牌价值加诸到Safari,但是他们没有.他们完全沉迷于自娱自乐. 投资的钱让Safari不至于无人问津,但又不足以多到使其成为一款优秀的app平台. 因为任何不属于Apple本身的强大平台都是一种威胁.


		I had not expected to do such a long write-up, nor did I plan to make it so sour and bitter. I’ve tried to call things for what they are even if those things are ugly. And ugly things are:
		我没有料到文章会变得又长又涩.无论事情多么丑陋,我希望努力还原真相.可怕的真相是:


		The web now runs on a single engine. There is not a single browser with a non-Chromium engine on mobile of any significance other than Safari. Which runs webkit, kind of the same engine as Chromium, which is based on webkit.
		web现在运行在一个单一引擎上. 除了Safari之外,没有一个浏览器在移动设备上使用非Chromium引擎.其中运行webkit,与Chromium相同的引擎,它基于webkit.

一文带你看完 2018 年浏览器之争的最新进展 #4971

一文带你看完 2018 年浏览器之争的最新进展 #4971

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