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OpenChat: Advancing Open-source Language Models with Mixed-Quality Data

💻Online Demo | 🤗Huggingface | 📃Paper | 💭Discord

🏆 The Overall Best Performing Open Source 7B Model 🏆
🤖 Outperforms ChatGPT (March) and Grok-1 🤖

  • OpenChat is an innovative library of open-source language models, fine-tuned with C-RLFT - a strategy inspired by offline reinforcement learning.
  • Our models learn from mixed-quality data without preference labels, delivering exceptional performance on par with ChatGPT, even with a 7B model which can be run on a consumer GPU (e.g. RTX 3090).
  • Despite our simple approach, we are committed to developing a high-performance, commercially viable, open-source large language model, and we continue to make significant strides toward this vision.

DOI

✨ News

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🏷️ Benchmarks

Model # Params Average MT-Bench HumanEval BBH MC AGIEval TruthfulQA MMLU GSM8K BBH CoT
OpenChat-3.5-0106 7B 64.5 7.8 71.3 51.5 49.1 61.0 65.8 77.4 62.2
OpenChat-3.5-1210 7B 63.8 7.76 68.9 49.5 48.0 61.8 65.3 77.3 61.8
OpenChat-3.5 7B 61.6 7.81 55.5 47.6 47.4 59.1 64.3 77.3 63.5
ChatGPT (March)* ???B 61.5 7.94 48.1 47.6 47.1 57.7 67.3 74.9 70.1
OpenHermes 2.5 7B 59.3 7.54 48.2 49.4 46.5 57.5 63.8 73.5 59.9
OpenOrca Mistral 7B 52.7 6.86 38.4 49.4 42.9 45.9 59.3 59.1 58.1
Zephyr-β^ 7B 34.6 7.34 22.0 40.6 39.0 40.8 39.8 5.1 16.0
Mistral 7B - 6.84 30.5 39.0 38.0 - 60.1 52.2 -
Open-source SOTA** 13B-70B 61.4 7.71 73.2 49.7 41.7 62.3 63.7 82.3 41.4
WizardLM 70B WizardCoder 34B Orca 13B Orca 13B Platypus2 70B WizardLM 70B MetaMath 70B Flan-T5 11B
Evaluation details *: ChatGPT (March) results are from GPT-4 Technical Report, Chain-of-Thought Hub, and our evaluation.

^: Zephyr-β often fails to follow few-shot CoT instructions, likely because it was aligned with only chat data but not trained on few-shot data.

**: Mistral and Open-source SOTA results are taken from reported results in instruction-tuned model papers and official repositories.

All models are evaluated in chat mode (e.g. with the respective conversation template applied). All zero-shot benchmarks follow the same setting as in the AGIEval paper and Orca paper. CoT tasks use the same configuration as Chain-of-Thought Hub, HumanEval is evaluated with EvalPlus, and MT-bench is run using FastChat. To reproduce our results, follow the instructions below.

Reproducing benchmarks

Reasoning and Coding:

Note: Please run the following commands at the base directory of this repository.

python -m ochat.evaluation.run_eval --condition "GPT4 Correct" --model openchat/openchat-3.5-0106 --eval_sets coding fs_cothub/bbh fs_cothub/mmlu zs/agieval zs/bbh_mc_orca zs/truthfulqa_orca
python ochat/evaluation/view_results.py
python ochat/evaluation/convert_to_evalplus.py

Then all humaneval code samples are placed in ochat/evaluation/evalplus_codegen. Use the following command to evaluate an individual code sample named samples.jsonl using Docker as a sandbox.

docker run -v $(pwd):/app ganler/evalplus:latest --dataset humaneval --samples samples.jsonl

Mathematical Reasoning:

Note: Please run the following commands at the base directory of this repository.

python -m ochat.evaluation.run_eval --condition "Math Correct" --model openchat/openchat-3.5-0106 --eval_sets fs_cothub/gsm8k zs/math
python ochat/evaluation/view_results.py

MT-Bench:

Please first launch a local API server, then download FastChat and run the following commands.

Note: Due to non-zero temperature and GPT-4 API changes over time, there might be variations in the results.

cd fastchat/llm_judge
python gen_api_answer.py --model openchat-3.5-0106 --max-tokens 4096 --parallel 128 --openai-api-base http://localhost:18888/v1
python gen_judgment.py --model-list openchat-3.5-0106 --parallel 8 --mode single

🎇 Comparison with X.AI Grok

🔥 OpenChat-3.5-0106 (7B) now outperforms Grok-0 (33B) on all 4 benchmarks and Grok-1 (???B) on average and 3/4 benchmarks.

License # Param Average MMLU HumanEval MATH GSM8k
OpenChat-3.5-0106 Apache-2.0 7B 61.0 65.8 71.3 29.3 77.4
OpenChat-3.5-1210 Apache-2.0 7B 60.1 65.3 68.9 28.9 77.3
OpenChat-3.5 Apache-2.0 7B 56.4 64.3 55.5 28.6 77.3
Grok-0 Proprietary 33B 44.5 65.7 39.7 15.7 56.8
Grok-1 Proprietary ???B 55.8 73 63.2 23.9 62.9

⬇️ Installation

Note

Need pytorch to run OpenChat

pip

pip3 install ochat

Important

If you are facing package compatibility issues with pip, try the conda method below or check this issue

conda

conda create -y --name openchat python=3.11
conda activate openchat

pip3 install ochat

Windows (WSL 1.x, Ubuntu-22.04)

sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential

sudo apt install -y curl
curl -o miniconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
bash miniconda.sh

# Restart WSL terminal if the following conda command does not work

conda create -y --name openchat python=3.11
conda activate openchat

pip3 install ochat

From source

Clone this repo and install openchat from source in editable mode 
git clone https://github.com/imoneoi/openchat
cd openchat

pip3 install --upgrade pip  # enable PEP 660 support
pip3 install -e .  # Editable mode, you can make changes in this cloned repo

🚀 Deploying API server

⚡ Our API server is ready for production use and compatible with the OpenAI API protocol. It is highly optimized with vLLM and can dynamically batch requests.

📎 Note: For 20 series or older GPUs that do not support bfloat16, add --dtype float16 to the server args.

For a single GPU (e.g. RTX 3090, 4090)

python -m ochat.serving.openai_api_server --model openchat/openchat-3.5-0106

For multiple GPUs (tensor parallel)

# N is the number of tensor parallel GPUs
python -m ochat.serving.openai_api_server --model openchat/openchat-3.5-0106 --engine-use-ray --worker-use-ray --tensor-parallel-size N

use -h to see more settings

python -m ochat.serving.openai_api_server --model openchat/openchat-3.5-0106 -h
Deploy as online service

If you want to deploy the server as an online service, you can use --api-keys sk-KEY1 sk-KEY2 ... to specify allowed API keys and --disable-log-requests --disable-log-stats --log-file openchat.log for logging only to a file. For security purposes, we recommend using an HTTPS gateway in front of the server.

Request example

Once started, the server listens at localhost:18888 for requests and is compatible with the OpenAI ChatCompletion API specifications.

💡 Default Mode (GPT4 Correct): Best for coding, chat and general tasks

curl http://localhost:18888/v1/chat/completions \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "model": "openchat_3.5",
    "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "You are a large language model named OpenChat. Write a poem to describe yourself"}]
  }'

🧮 Mathematical Reasoning Mode: Tailored for solving math problems

curl http://localhost:18888/v1/chat/completions \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "model": "openchat_3.5",
    "condition": "Math Correct",
    "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "10.3 − 7988.8133 = "}]
  }'

🌐 Web UI - OpenChat-UI

After launching the API server, OpenChat provide user interface that easy to interact with. Click here to check Web UI

🤗 Inference with Transformers

Warning

It's recommended to use our optimized API server for deployment. Inferencing with Transformers will be slower.

💡 Default Mode (GPT4 Correct): Best for coding, chat and general tasks

GPT4 Correct User: Hello<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant: Hi<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct User: How are you today?<|end_of_turn|>GPT4 Correct Assistant:

🧮 Mathematical Reasoning Mode: Tailored for solving math problems

Math Correct User: 10.3 − 7988.8133=<|end_of_turn|>Math Correct Assistant:

⚠️ Notice: Remember to set <|end_of_turn|> as end of generation token.

The default (GPT4 Correct) template is also available as the integrated tokenizer.chat_template, which can be used instead of manually specifying the template.

🛠️ Training

The OpenChat training system utilizes padding-free training and the Multipack Sampler, achieving a 3~10x speedup compared to the conventional padded training.

Choose a base model

OpenChat supports Llama 2 and Mistral models. Please first choose a base model to fit your needs. Each base model has a corresponding weight repo, model type, and recommended batch size as listed below, they should be filled into BASE_REPO, MODEL_TYPE, and BATCH_SIZE in the following instructions.

Base Model Size Weights (with EOT token) Model Type Recommended Batch Size per GPU (8xA100 80GB)
Mistral 7B imone/Mistral_7B_with_EOT_token openchat_v3.2_mistral 77824
Llama 2 7B imone/LLaMA2_7B_with_EOT_token openchat_v3.2 77824
Llama 2 13B imone/Llama2_13B_with_EOT_token openchat_v3.2 36864

Note: The OpenChat conversation template requires an <|end_of_turn|> special token. The base model specified must include this token. Our provided weights are the original base weights with this token added. If you want to add them manually, use the convert_llama_weights_to_hf_add_tokens.py or mistral_add_tokens.py in the scripts directory.

Installing DeepSpeed and Flash Attention

First, ensure that the CUDA nvcc compiler is available in your environment. If it is not, install the CUDA toolkit that matches the version used by PyTorch.

Next, install building dependencies:

pip install packaging ninja

Finally, install the packages:

pip install deepspeed flash-attn

Preparing Your Data

To utilize the OpenChat trainer, prepare your SFT data into a JSON Lines format where each line corresponds to a Conversation object:

class Message(BaseModel):
    role: str     # Must be "user" or "assistant"
    content: str  # Message content
    weight: Optional[float] = None  # Loss weight for this message. Typically 0 for user and 1 for assistant to supervise assistant's responses only


class Conversation(BaseModel):
    items: List[Message]  # All messages within the conversation
    condition: str = ""  # C-RLFT condition, can be any string or empty.
    system: str = ""  # System message for this conversation

For basic SFT, assign weight as 0 for human messages and 1 for assistant responses.

SFT example:

{"items":[{"role":"user","content":"Hello","weight":0.0},{"role":"assistant","content":"Hi","weight":1.0},{"role":"user","content":"How are you today?","weight":0.0},{"role":"assistant","content":"I'm fine.","weight":1.0}],"system":""}
{"items":[{"role":"user","content":"Who are you?","weight":0.0},{"role":"assistant","content":"I'm OpenChat.","weight":1.0}],"system":"You are a helpful assistant named OpenChat."}

For C-RLFT, condition should be set as the class the conversation belongs to (e.g. GPT3 or GPT4). The weight is assigned as 0 for human messages and w for assistant responses, where w is the weight of the class (e.g. 0.1 for GPT3 and 1 for GPT4, as found in our C-RLFT paper).

C-RLFT example:

{"items":[{"role":"user","content":"What is C-RLFT?","weight":0.0},{"role":"assistant","content":"C-RLFT is a method for improving open-source LLMs with mixed-quality data.","weight":1.0}],"condition":"GPT4","system":""}
{"items":[{"role":"user","content":"What is C-RLFT?","weight":0.0},{"role":"assistant","content":"I don't know.","weight":0.1}],"condition":"GPT3","system":""}

Pre-tokenizing the Dataset

You'll then need to pre-tokenize the dataset using the command (please specify a filename as PRETOKENIZED_DATA_OUTPUT_PATH to store the pretokenized dataset):

python -m ochat.data.generate_dataset --model-type MODEL_TYPE --model-path BASE_REPO --in-files data.jsonl --out-prefix PRETOKENIZED_DATA_OUTPUT_PATH

Launching the OpenChat Trainer

You can now launch the OpenChat trainer using the command below.

  • 13B model requires eight A/H100s with 80GB VRAM
  • 7B model can be trained with four A/H100s with 80GB VRAM or eight A/H100s with 40GB VRAM.

For hyperparameters, we recommend first setting the batch size to the recommended batch size. If OOM occurs, try setting it to the exact maximum that VRAM can hold and as a multiple of 2048. Other hyperparameters have been carefully selected as the default. Furthermore, the learning rate is automatically determined based on the inverse square-root rule.

Training Commands (click to expand) 
NUM_GPUS=8

deepspeed --num_gpus=$NUM_GPUS --module ochat.training_deepspeed.train \
          --model_path BASE_REPO \
          --data_prefix PRETOKENIZED_DATA_OUTPUT_PATH \
          --save_path PATH_TO_SAVE_MODEL \
          --batch_max_len BATCH_SIZE \
          --epochs 5 \
          --save_every 1 \
          --deepspeed \
          --deepspeed_config ochat/training_deepspeed/deepspeed_config.json

You can find checkpoints of all epochs in PATH_TO_SAVE_MODEL. Then you may evaluate each epoch and choose the best one.

Limitations

Foundation Model Limitations

Despite its advanced capabilities, OpenChat is still bound by the limitations inherent in its foundation models. These limitations may impact the model's performance in areas such as:

  • Complex reasoning
  • Mathematical and arithmetic tasks
  • Programming and coding challenges

Hallucination of Non-existent Information

OpenChat may sometimes generate information that does not exist or is not accurate, also known as "hallucination". Users should be aware of this possibility and verify any critical information obtained the model.

Safety

OpenChat may sometimes generate harmful, hate speech, biased responses, or answer unsafe questions. It's crucial to apply additional AI safety measures in use cases that require safe and moderated responses.

License

Our OpenChat 3.5 code and models are distributed under the Apache License 2.0.

Models

Model Size Context Weights Serving
OpenChat 3.5 0106 7B 8192 Huggingface python -m ochat.serving.openai_api_server --model openchat/openchat-3.5-0106 --engine-use-ray --worker-use-ray
OpenChat 3.5 1210 7B 8192 Huggingface python -m ochat.serving.openai_api_server --model openchat/openchat-3.5-1210 --engine-use-ray --worker-use-ray
OpenChat 3.5 7B 8192 Huggingface python -m ochat.serving.openai_api_server --model openchat/openchat_3.5 --engine-use-ray --worker-use-ray

Legacy Models

The following models are older versions of OpenChat and have inferior performance compared to the latest version. They will be deprecated in the next release. Please note that OpenChat V1 and V2 series are now deprecated, please install 3.1.x for using V1 and V2 models

To run the models on multiple GPUs with smaller VRAM, you can enable tensor parallelization, for example, using the --tensor-parallel-size 2 flag.

Model Size Context Weights Serving
OpenChat 3.2 SUPER 13B 4096 Huggingface python -m ochat.serving.openai_api_server --model openchat/openchat_v3.2_super --engine-use-ray --worker-use-ray

Citation

@article{wang2023openchat,
  title={OpenChat: Advancing Open-source Language Models with Mixed-Quality Data},
  author={Wang, Guan and Cheng, Sijie and Zhan, Xianyuan and Li, Xiangang and Song, Sen and Liu, Yang},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.11235},
  year={2023}
}

💌Contact

We are a student team at Tsinghua University, working on OpenChat, a project that requires additional computing power or LLMs API keys for further development. If you are interested in our project and would like to offer support, please feel free to reach out to us:

Project Leader:

  • Guan Wang [imonenext at gmail dot com]
  • Sijie Cheng [csj23 at mails dot tsinghua dot edu dot cn]

Main Contributors:

  • Xianyuan Zhan (Tsinghua University): Provided invaluable advice on paper writing.
  • Alpay Ariyak: Responsible for data collection, documentation, model cards and PR for openchat-3.5-1210, openchat-3.5-0106.
  • LDJ: Tasked with partial data collection for openchat-3.5.

Sponsors:

  • Sen Song (Tsinghua University), Yang Liu (Tsinghua University), 01.AI Company, RunPod, Changling Liu (GPT Desk Pte. Ltd.), Qiying Yu (Tsinghua University), AutoMeta (Alignment Lab AI).

Special Thanks:

  • We express our profound gratitude to Alignment Lab AI, Nous Research, and Pygmalion AI for their significant contributions to data collection and model training. We also extend our special thanks to Xiangang Li, Baochang Ma, and Hao Wan from 01.AI company for their generous provision of resources. We also thank Jianxiong Li and Peng Li at Tsinghua University for their insightful discussions that have enriched our work.
  • We acknowledge and thank the developers behind these projects: Mistral, Chain-of-Thought Hub, Llama 2, Self-Instruct, FastChat (Vicuna), Alpaca, and StarCoder. Their work has been instrumental in driving our research forward.

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