[CALCITE-6692] Add test case triggering the AssertionError #231

Job	Run time
CheckerFramework (JDK 11)	11m 9s
CheckerFramework (JDK 11, oldest Guava)	11m 30s
Linux (JDK 11, Avatica main)	9m 2s
ErrorProne (JDK 11, latest Guava)	7m 14s
Druid Tests	7m 21s
Linux (JDK 11, Pacific/Chatham Timezone)	7m 59s
Linux (JDK 21)	8m 6s
Linux (JDK 17)	8m 19s
Linux (JDK 23)	7m 14s
Linux (JDK 8, latest Guava, America/New_York Timezone)	6m 31s
Linux (JDK 8) Slow Tests	0s
Linux (JDK 8, oldest Guava, America/New_York Timezone)	5m 19s
macOS (JDK 21)	15m 50s
Windows (JDK 17)	9m 45s
Windows (JDK 21)	10m 17s
Windows (JDK 8)	10m 10s
	2h 15m 46s

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