need APIs for ranged random number generation

[andrewboie]

Right now we just have sys_rand32_get() which returns a value between 0 and UINT_MAX.
Using a modulus operator (sys_rand32_get() % N) may not be the best practice to get a number in the range of 0...N:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2509679/how-to-generate-a-random-number-from-within-a-range/6852396#6852396

Implement an API in the random subsystem that does this right. Check the kernel codebase for example of the modulus pattern and replace with calls to this API.

[cfriedt]

Fixed by #32667