Keep in mind:

1) Do we need to install Selenium each time we open and execute a new project using Python?

No, Once Selenium is installed in your environment, it will remain available across projects. You only need to install Selenium again if:

1. You start a new project in a new virtual environment that doesn’t yet have Selenium installed.
2. You switch to a different Python environment that lacks Selenium.

2) Install Selenium in the New Virtual Environment:

To install Selenium in the new virtual environment, activate the environment and install Selenium using pip:

• Activate the new virtual environment in your terminal:

  • On Windows:

  .\venv\Scripts\activate
  

  • On macOS/Linux:

  source venv/bin/activate
  

• Install Selenium in the activated environment:

  pip install selenium
  

3) Expected Conditions:

Expected Conditions in Selenium WebDriver are predefined conditions that you can use to wait for a certain state or event on a webpage before proceeding with further actions. Selenium provides an expected_conditions module with commonly used conditions that you can apply to WebDriver’s WebDriverWait method.

Why Use Expected Conditions?

It can prevent errors that occur when elements aren’t fully loaded or visible on the page. For example, without expected conditions, your script might try to interact with an element before it’s ready, causing a NoSuchElementException or ElementNotInteractableException.

https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/py/webdriver_support/selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.html

4) Visibility Web Elements

5) Using IMAP to Access Emails

• IMAP Connection: Connects securely to Hotmail’s IMAP server.
• Search for the Email: Searches for emails from udemy.com (or other identifiers if you know them).
• Extract 6-Digit Code: Uses regex to find a 6-digit code in the email body.
• Return the Code: Once the code is found, it’s printed or returned.

You’ll also need to ensure:

• IMAP Access is Enabled: Check that IMAP is enabled in your Hotmail account settings.
• App-Specific Password (if using 2FA): If you have two-factor authentication enabled, create an app-specific password for IMAP access.

6) Pytest Session

The driver (browser instance) is being recreated for every test. By default, pytest fixtures are recreated for each test unless specified otherwise. To fix the issue and reuse the same browser instance across tests in your test_positive_scenarios file, you can use a session-scoped fixture for the WebDriver. This ensures that the same browser instance persists across all tests within the same session.